水中硝酸盐电化学去除技术研究进展

Recent advances in electrochemical nitrate removal technology in water

硝酸盐污染已经成为我国乃至全世界重点关注的环境问题,水体环境中硝酸盐的积累会严重危害到人类健康.电化学硝酸盐还原技术由于能够选择性地将硝酸盐转化为N2从而降低水中总氮浓度,具有突出优势和广泛的应用前景.在电化学硝酸盐还原反应过程中,催化剂的催化性能决定反应速率和产物选择性,设计和开发高效的催化剂是硝酸盐还原领域的关键,且发展迅速,但在新型催化剂的设计和合成策略方面仍然缺乏综述报道.本文结合最新的研究实例,总结了电催化硝酸盐还原催化剂和高性能反应系统的最新研究进展,论述了电催化硝酸盐还原机理、高效电催化剂的合成策略和电催化脱氮系统的设计,并从工程实践的角度讨论了电化学技术去除水体中硝酸盐的未来方向和研究重点.

Nitrate pollution has become a key environmental concern worldwide.The accumulation of nitrate in water environment poses a great danger to human health,and it is important to develop technologies for efficient nitrate removal from water.Electrochemical nitrate reduction technology has outstanding advantages and wide application prospects because of its ability to selectively convert nitrate to N2 and thus reduce the total nitrogen concentration in water.During the electrochemical nitrate reduction reaction,the catalytic performance of catalysts determines the reaction rate and product selectivity.The design and development of efficient catalysts are key in the field of nitrate reduction and are developing rapidly,but there is still a lack of review reports on the design and synthesis strategies of novel catalysts.In this paper,the latest research progress of electrocatalytic nitrate reduction catalysts and highperformance reaction systems are summarized,and the mechanism of electrocatalytic nitrate reduction and the synthesis strategy of high efficiency electrocatalysts are discussed with the latest research examples.Furthermore,the design of electrochemical denitrification systems is discussed in terms of the selection of cathode materials,the synergistic electrocatalytic reaction of cathodes and anodes,and the design of reactors,aiming to promote the nitrate electroreduction technology from"laboratory"to"practical application".Finally,the future direction and research focus of electrochemical nitrate removal from water bodies are discussed from the perspective of engineering practice.