细胞力学特性测量方法及应用

Measurement methods and application of mechanical properties of cells

生物细胞的力学特性,如弹性模量和剪切模量等,不仅是其独特的标签,更与细胞的生理功能直接相关且相互影响,在细胞的生长与死亡、分裂、分化、运动和黏附等过程中发挥重要作用.近年来,研究人员结合微机电、工程物理和微流芯片等理论和技术提出了一系列有效的方法,实现了单细胞力学特性准确、稳定、灵敏的测量.本文回顾了当前细胞力学特性的测量技术、方法,以及细胞力学特性在生物医学等领域的重要应用.根据是否与细胞发生接触这一原则,本文将当前常用的测量单细胞力学特性的方法分为接触式与非接触式两类,详细介绍了各种方法的实现原理及实现方式,并结合实例阐明其优缺点以及实际应用等.在此基础上,讨论了细胞力学特性测量及应用的未来发展方向.

The mechanical properties of biological cells,such as elastic modulus and shear modulus,are not only unique tags of cells,but also directly related to and interact with the physiological functions of cells.They play an important role in the process of cells'growth and death,division,differentiation,movement and adhesion.In recent years,researchers have proposed a series of effective methods combining MEMS,engineering physics and microfluidic chip technology to achieve accurate,stable and sensitive measurement of the mechanical properties of cells.In this review,we describe in detail the current measurement techniques and methods of mechanical properties of cells,as well as the important applications of mechanical properties of cells in biomedical fields.According to the principle of whether the cell is contacted or not,the common methods for measuring the mechanical properties of cells are divided into contact type and non-contact type.The realization principles and methods of each method are introduced in detail,and their advantages and disadvantages as well as practical applications are illustrated with examples.On the basis of these,the future development direction of the measurement and application of mechanical properties of cells is discussed.