人工心脏瓣膜几何构型设计研究进展

Research progress in geometric configuration design of artificial heart valve

心脏瓣膜病是一种由风湿热、先天性畸形、感染或创伤等原因使心脏出现结构性或功能性病变,导致心脏血液动力学异常,最终导致心力衰竭的疾病。植入人工心脏瓣膜已成为治疗心脏瓣膜病的主要方式。由于人工心脏瓣膜的结构对瓣叶和支架上的应力分布及相关血液动力学性能起着关键作用,在其由机械瓣到生物瓣的发展过程中,其几何构型在不断更新改进,向着紧密模仿正常天然心脏瓣膜的几何特征方向发展。该文总结归纳了人工心脏瓣膜几何构型的设计历程,及几何构型对心脏瓣膜应力和耐用性的影响,分析讨论了人工心脏瓣膜所采用的几何建模的重要参数,及对应建模方法的发展,以为人工瓣膜的仿生优化设计提供参考和新思路。

Valvular heart disease is a structural or functional disease of the heart due to rheumatic fever,congenital malformation,infection,or trauma,resulting in abnormal cardiac hemodynamics and ultimately heart failure.Implantation of artificial heart valves has become the main way to treat heart valvular disease.Because the structure of the artificial heart valve plays a key role in the stress distribution and hemodynamic performance of the valve and stent,the geometric configuration of the artificial heart valve is constantly updated and improved during its development from mechanical valve to biological valve,which closely mimics the geometric characteristics of the normal natural heart valve.This article sums up the design process of geometric configuration of artificial heart valves and the influence of geometric configuration on the central disc stress and durability of artificial heart valves,analyzes the important parameters of geometric modeling for artificial heart valves,and discusses the development of the corresponding modeling method,to provide reference and new ideas for the biomimetic optimization design of artificial valves.