知识产权服务对高校专利技术转移的影响机理——基于扎根理论的探索

The Influence Mechanism of Intellectual Property Service on University Patent Technology Transfer:An Exploratory Research Based on Grounded Theory

现有研究多从高校内部组织机构视角探讨大学技术转移办公室、科技园模式对高校专利技术转移的影响,忽视了外部市场化运营知识产权服务机构对高校专利技术转移的重要作用。鉴于此,基于技术转移理论模型和知识活动系统全息性理论,运用程序化扎根理论研究法对24家组织机构的深度访谈数据进行逐级编码分析。研究发现:知识产权服务对高校专利技术转移的影响机理包括职业技能服务—专利质量—高校专利技术转移绩效、商业运营服务—关系质量—高校专利技术转移绩效、增值业务服务—转移素养—高校专利技术转移绩效3条影响路径和一项政策环境的调节作用,由此打开知识产权服务与高校专利技术转移作用关系的理论“黑箱”,对于促进知识产权服务业发展和高校专利技术转移具有重要指导意义。

In the context of the new normal of economy,the quality model of growth should be emphasized to replace the extensive growth model.It is seen as an effective way to promote high-quality and sustainable economic development by promoting scientific and technological progress to achieve innovation-driven development.As an important part of the national innovation system,universities are the backbone of the advancement of science and technology and economic development.Thus the national policies have been inclined to the technological innovation and output of achievements of universities,which has stimulated the rapid growth of the output of patents.With the increasing number of patent applications in universities,a series of problems such as low quality,low commercial value and low technical maturity of university patent achievements have gradually become prominent.As a result,most university patent achievements are difficult to be transformed into real productive forces and thus fail to play a supporting role in the implementation of an innovation-driven development strategy.In response to these problems,the existing studies mainly discuss the impact of technology transfer offices and science parks on university patent technology transfer from the perspective of the university internal organization,but neglect the important promoting influence of the external market-oriented intellectual property service agencies on university patent technology transfer,leading to a lack of corresponding theoretical support for the development of market-oriented intellectual property service agencies.In view of this,on the basis of the technology transfer theoretical model and the holographic theory of knowledge activity system,the procedural grounded theory research method is used to encode and analyze the in-depth interview data of 24 organizations through open coding,axial coding,and selective coding.This study builds the theoretical framework of influence mechanism of intellectual property service on university patent technology transfer with eight main categories including vocational skills service,commercial operation service,value-added business service,patent quality,relationship quality,transfer literacy,university patent technology transfer performance and policy environment.The results show that first intellectual property service includes three dimensions which are vocational skills service,commercial operation service and value-added business service.Second,patent quality,relationship quality and transfer literacy are the key factors between intellectual property service and university patent technology transfer.Finally,the influence mechanism of intellectual property service on university patent technology transfer includes three influence paths which consist of vocational skills service—patent quality—university patent technology transfer performance,commercial operation service—relationship quality—university patent technology transfer performance and value-added business service-transfer literacy-university patent technology transfer performance and one moderating effect of policy environment.Drawing on the holographic theory of knowledge activity system and technology transfer theory,this paper identifies and constructs a theoretical model of the influence mechanism of intellectual property service on university patent technology transfer,and it is consisted of eight main categories,three influence paths and one moderating effect.It opens the"theoretical black box"of the relationship between intellectual property service and university patent technology transfer,enriches the research on related topics of university patent technology transfer and has positive guidance and reference significance for the development of intellectual property service and university patent technology transfer.Furthermore,by using the grounded theory to elaborate on the dimensional structure and service types of the intellectual property service,this study identifies the key factors between intellectual property service and university patent technology transfer,and from the perspective of intellectual property service agencies it explores the important role and value of each key factor in analyzing the influence mechanism between intellectual property services and university patent technology transfer.The study expands the research of university patent technology transfer,and provides a theoretical basis for the research on the relationship between intellectual property service and university patent technology transfer.