创新导向型公共采购中供应商参与意愿的影响因素——动态能力视角

Influencing Factors of Suppliers'Participation Willingness in Public Procurement of Innovation:The Perspective of Dynamic Capabilities

创新导向型公共采购(PPI)作为新兴的需求方创新政策工具,其实施效果很大程度上取决于作为创新主体的供应商参与意愿。基于动态能力分类框架和PPI微观机制,对影响供应商参与意愿的采购方因素进行系统识别,并基于问卷调查数据进行实证分析。结果表明:基于供应商识别能力视角的影响因素中,需求表达、信息披露、定标前互动对供应商参与意愿具有显著正向影响,国有企业偏好与大企业偏好则分别反向作用于非国有企业和中小企业参与意愿;基于供应商利用能力视角的影响因素中,采购方参与程度、与PPI有关的能力正向影响供应商参与意愿;基于供应商转型能力视角的影响因素中,采购方需求代表性正向影响供应商参与意愿。最后,结合PPI在我国应用情境提出相关对策。

In order to achieve high-level self-reliance and self-improvement in science and technology,it has become an important and urgent task to accelerate"the innovation of innovation policy"in China.Public procurement of innovation(PPI),as an emerging demand-side innovation policy tool,has important strategic value for optimizing China’s innovation policy mix.PPI refers to the purchase of a product,service or system that is novel to the public sector organization in order to serve an organizational need and improve the supply of social innovation.In recent years,on the one hand,the research on PPI has made rapid and great progress in systematic conceptualization.However,the existing research on“the behavior mode of micro-subjects and the corresponding mechanism design in PPI”is still quite limited,and there is little discussion on linking the behavior of public organizations with suppliers'innovation decisions in procurement practice and further exploring the internal relationship between them.On the other hand,many countries,including China,have successively carried out the policy exploration and practice of PPI,but there are still many barriers in the process of PPI implementation,hindering the realization of policy objectives.Among these barriers,the low willingness of suppliers to participate is a fairly common phenomenon.In view of this,this paper discusses the microcosmic problem of“how the behavior choice of public organizations affects suppliers'willingness to participate”,which is of great significance for stimulating suppliers'innovation willingness in PPI implementation and further playing a valuable role of PPI policy.As the main player in innovation,innovation suppliers have a decisive influence on the implementation and success of PPI projects.Therefore,this study is conducted from the perspective of suppliers in PPI.Firstly,based on the framework of dynamic capability classification and the micro-mechanism of PPI,it systematically identifies the factors of buyers that affect suppliers'willingness to participate,and proposes the conceptual framework of the influence which buyers have on suppliers'willingness to participate.Then,based on the special investigation into the suppliers who have participated in PPI projects,a set of ordered Probit models is constructed for empirical analysis.Finally,the empirical analysis results are summarized,and then the countermeasures are put forward according to the application situation of PPI in China.The empirical analysis results show that,firstly,the factors that affect suppliers'willingness to participate from the perspective of sensing capabilities mainly include demand expression,information disclosure,interaction before award,preference for state-owned enterprises and preference for large enterprises.Among them,demand expression,information disclosure and interaction before award have significant positive effects on suppliers'participation willingness,state-owned enterprises preference and large enterprises preference have negative effects on non-state-owned enterprises and SMEs'participation intention respectively.Secondly,the factors that affect suppliers'willingness to participate from the perspective of seizing capabilities are“participation level”and“buyer capabilities”.The higher the buyer's participation in innovation,or the stronger the public buyer's technical and management capabilities related to PPI,the stronger the supplier's willingness to participate in PPI.Finally,from the perspective of suppliers'transforming capabilities,the influencing factor is“representativeness of demand”,for it positively affects the willingness of suppliers to participate in PPI.According to the results of empirical analysis,this paper puts forward the following policy suggestions.First,the public buyer should overcome the preference for state-owned enterprises and big enterprises in the selection of suppliers.In the practice of public procurement,the government should speed up the standardization of public procurement documents,and simultaneously strengthen the public buyer's awareness of openness,transparency,fair competition and justice.Second,efforts should be made to improve the relevant technical and management capabilities of public organizations.It is of great value for public organizations to compile PPI implementation manuals,guidelines,policy descriptions,etc.Third,in the process of PPI implementation,the public buyer,as a lead-user,should effectively select and manage the suppliers.Fourth,it has great significance for promoting the in-depth integration of information between buyer and suppliers(both established and potentially new)to accelerate the construction of an online interactive platform for procurement.