生物炭基肥基施对大白菜产量、品质、养分吸收及土壤性质影响研究

Effects of biochar based fertilizer application on yield,quality,nutrient absorption and soil properties of Chinese cabbage

生物炭基肥料在培肥土壤和农作物增产提质方面具有潜在应用价值。以露地大白菜为供试作物,通过大田小区试验,设置不施氮肥(CK)、尿素(U)、尿素+生物炭(BU)、尿素+生物炭+碱木质素(JMZS-BU)和尿素+生物炭+海藻酸(HZS-BU)5个处理,考察不同掺混型生物炭基氮肥基施对大白菜产量、品质、养分吸收及土壤化学性质的影响。结果表明:施氮肥增加了大白菜产量和氮钾吸收,增加了大白菜硝酸盐含量;与普通尿素处理相比,3个炭基尿素处理大白菜产量增加12.2%~27.9%,产量由大到小顺序为HZS-BU>JMZSBU>BU;大白菜硝酸盐含量减少12.5%~24.9%,维生素C含量增加7.6%~30.9%,碱木质素掺混型炭基尿素处理降低大白菜硝酸盐含量和增加大白菜维生素C含量的幅度更大。与普通尿素相比,炭基尿素处理增加了大白菜对氮、磷、钾养分的吸收;2种掺混型炭基尿素尤其海藻酸掺混型炭基尿素处理的增幅更大。与普通尿素对比,炭基尿素处理增加了土壤EC值、pH、有机质、全氮、矿质氮、速效钾和有效磷的含量,增加了土壤养分持留时间,碱木质素掺混型炭基尿素的增幅更大,这有助于降低后茬种植对无机养分投入的需求。相关分析表明,炭基尿素处理提升大白菜产量与其增加土壤有机质、有效磷和EC含量密切相关,土壤有机质和有效磷提升的影响效应更大。综合考虑大白菜产量、品质及土壤培肥效应,推荐碱木质素炭基尿素为露地大白菜生产的优选基肥。

Biochar-based fertilizers have potential application value in fertilizing soil and improving crop yield and quality.The effects of different blended biochar-based nitrogen(N)fertilizers on the yield,quality and nutrient absorption and its root zone soil chemical properties of open-field cabbage were investigated by the field plot experiment through setting five treatments of no N fertilizer(CK),urea(U),urea+biochar(BU),urea+biochar+alkali lignin(JMZS-BU)and urea+biochar+alginate(HZS-BU).The results showed that the application of N fertilizer increased the yield,nitrogen and potassium uptake and nitrate content of the cabbage.Compared to the common urea treatment,the yield of Chinese cabbage in the three carbon-based urea treatments increased by 12.2%~27.9%,and the order of yield from high to low was HZS�BU>JMZS-BU>BU;Nitrate content in Chinese cabbage was cdecreased by 12.5%~24.9%and vitamin C(Vc)content was increased by 7.6%~30.9%.In addition,JMZS-BU treatment decreased nitrate content and increased Vc content in Chinese cabbage more significantly.All three carbon-based urea treatments increased the nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium uptake by Chinese cabbage compared to the U treatment,and the two types of blended carbon-based urea treatments,especially HZS-BU,showed a larger increment.Moreover,the carbon-based urea treatments increased soil EC,pH,organic matter,total nitrogen,mineral nitrogen,available potassium and available phosphorus,and increased the soil nutrient retention,which was more significantly in JMZS-BU.This helps to reduce the need for inorganic nutrient inputs for subsequent crops.The correlation analysis showed that,the increased cabbage yield was closely related to soil organic matter,available phosphorus and EC content.Therefore,alkaline lignin carbon-based urea(JMZS-BU)was recommended as the preferred fertilizer for open field cabbage production.