磺化炭基复合肥对盐化潮土小麦生长及土壤养分的影响

Effects of sulfonated carbon-based compound fertilizer on wheat growth and soil nutrients in salinized aquic soil

为探究有机废硫酸低温炭化技术制备的新型磺化炭基复合肥在滨海盐化潮土区小麦上的施用效果,采用大田试验,研究了不施肥(CK)、磷酸二铵(DP)、15-15-15三元复合肥(CF)及炭添加量分别为6%、8%、12%、16%和20%的磷酸二铵炭基肥和三元炭基复合肥对小麦干物质累积量、产量、养分利用率及土壤养分状况的影响。结果表明:施用生物炭基复合肥显著提高了小麦籽粒产量,且随着生物炭添加比例的增加,小麦籽粒产量呈先增加后降低的规律。磷酸二铵炭基肥中CDP8%和CDP12%处理增产效果较好,分别较DP处理增产6.42%和5.82%;三元炭基复合肥中CCF12%处理较CF处理籽粒产量显著提高4.92%。生物炭的添加可增加植物体内氮、磷、钾养分的累积量,从而提高肥料养分利用率,其中炭添加量6%~12%表现效果最佳。施用生物炭基复合肥对小麦各生育期土壤速效养分具有不同程度的提高作用。在小麦拔节和孕穗期,炭添加量为6%~12%的两种类型炭基复合肥对土壤硝态氮含量增加显著,增幅分别为17.40%~40.34%和5.45%~12.31%;在成熟期,CDP6%、CDP8%和CDP12%处理土壤有效磷含量较DP处理显著提高了8.49%~13.95%。另外,施用磺化炭基复合肥较普通复合肥显著降低了小麦返青期耕层土壤pH。综上所述,施用生物炭添加量6%~12%的磺化炭基复合肥对于提高土壤速效养分含量具有积极作用,可提高小麦籽粒产量和养分利用效率。

In order to explore the application effect of a new sulfonated carbon-based compound fertilizer prepared by low temperature carbonization technology of organic waste sulfuric acid on wheat in coastal saline soil area,a field experiment was conducted.The effects of no fertilization(CK),diammonium phosphate(DP),15-15-15 ternary compound fertilizer(CF)and ternary compound fertilizer with carbon addition of 6%,8%,12%,16%and 20%on wheat dry matter accumulation,yield,nutrient utilization rate and soil nutrient status were studied.The results showed that the application of biochar-based compound fertilizer significantly increased the grain yield of wheat,and the grain yield of wheat was increased first and then decreased with the increase of the proportion of biochar.The yields of CDP8%and CDP12%treatment were better than that of DP treatment,which increased by 6.42%and 5.82%,respectively.Compared with CF treatment,CCF12%treatment in ternary carbon-based fertilizer increased grain yield by 4.92%.The addition of biochar can increase the accumulation of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium nutrients in plants,so as to improve the utilization rate of fertilizer nutrients.Among them,carbon addition of 6%~12%showed the best effect.The application of biochar-based compound fertilizer could improve the soil available nutrients in different growth stages of wheat.In the jointing and booting stages of wheat,soil nitrate content was significantly increased by 17.40%~40.34%and 5.45%~12.31%for the two types of carbon-based compound fertilizers with carbon content of 6%~12%.At the mature stage,soil available phosphorus contents under CDP6%,CDP8%and CDP12%treatments were significantly higher than that under DP treatment,with an increase of 8.49%~13.95%.In addition,the application of sulfonated carbon-based compound fertilizer significantly reduced the soil pH in the surface layer of wheat in the green stage compared with the ordinary compound fertilizer.In conclusion,the application of sulfonated carbon-based compound fertilizer with biochar addition of 6%~12%had a positive effect on improving soil available nutrient content,and could improve wheat grain yield and nutrient utilization efficiency.