添加腐熟稻壳对鸢尾花生长及根际土壤环境的影响

Effects of adding decomposed rice husks on the growth of iris and soil rhizosphere environment

以鸢尾花为材料,采用大田试验,探究添加腐熟稻壳对鸢尾花生长及根际土壤环境的影响。腐熟稻壳翻埋试验设置4个处理:对照处理(CK:不添加腐熟稻壳);腐熟稻壳处理(T1:0.5 kg·m^(-2)腐熟稻壳翻埋;T2:1.5 kg·m^(-2)腐熟稻壳翻埋;T3:3.5 kg·m^(-2)腐熟稻壳翻埋)。腐熟稻壳覆盖抑制杂草试验设置4个处理:对照处理(CK:无腐熟稻壳覆盖);腐熟稻壳覆盖处理(A:0.5 kg·m^(-2)腐熟稻壳覆盖;B:1.5 kg·m^(-2)腐熟稻壳覆盖;C:3.5 kg·m^(-2)腐熟稻壳覆盖)。结果表明,添加腐熟稻壳翻埋能够促进鸢尾花生长发育,其中T1和T2处理效果较好;与CK相比,T2在定植90 d时,其地上部、地下部鲜重分别增加了38.76%和62.47%;而T1在鸢尾花定植120 d时,地上部、地下部鲜重分别增加了39.53%和47.65%。各处理后的鸢尾花种球性状有了一定的改善;在鸢尾花定植120 d时,T1、T2、T3处理的种球直径和种球干重分别较对照增加了18.83%、10.74%、13.97%和60.40%、53.13%、34.32%,但侧球数量无差异性。从土壤环境指标看,3种处理显著降低了土壤紧实度,但土壤pH和土壤水分差异并不显著。此外,腐熟稻壳覆盖对杂草具有良好的防控效果,其能够减少禾草类和阔叶草类杂草,与CK相比,A、B、C处理的杂草株数分别减少了11.71%、38.93%和87.02%。从防效结果看,3个处理的株防效和鲜重防效分别达到了11.43%、38.73%、86.99%和44.56%、64.13%、88.78%。综上,添加腐熟稻壳能够促进鸢尾花生长发育,改善土壤环境,本研究结果可为今后花卉化肥减量研究提供理论指导。

The field experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of adding decomposed rice husk on the growth of iris and the rhizosphere soil environment.Four treatments were set up in the experiment of turning and burying the decomposed rice husk:control treatment(CK:no decomposed rice husk),and treatments of decomposed rice husk(T1:0.5 kg·m^(-2)decomposed rice husks;T2:1.5 kg·m^(-2)decomposed rice husks;T3:3.5 kg·m^(-2)decomposed rice husks).Four treatments were set up in the experiment of controlling weeds by covering with decomposed rice hull:control treatment(CK:no decomposed rice hull covering treatment)and treatments of decomposed rice hull covering(A:0.5 kg·m^(-2)decomposed rice hull covering;B:1.5 kg·m^(-2)decomposed rice hull covering;C:3.5 kg·m^(-2)decomposed rice hull covering).The results showed that the addition of decomposed rice husk had a significant effect on the growth and development of iris,and the effects of T1 and T2 treatments were better.Compared with CK,T2 increased by 38.76%and 62.47%in fresh weight aboveground and underground,respectively,after 90 d of planting.When the iris was planted for 120 d in T1,the aboveground fresh weight and underground fresh weight increased by 39.53%and 47.65%,respectively.The characters of iris seed ball were improved,the diameter and dry weight of bulbs in T1,T2 and T3 treatments increased by 18.83%,10.74%,13.97%and 60.40%,53.13%,34.32%,respectively,compared with the control after 120 d of iris planting.However,there was no difference in the number of side balls.In terms of soil environmental indicators,the three treatments reduced the soil compactness significantly.However,the soil pH value decreased and the difference of soil moisture were not significant.In addition,the decomposed rice hull mulching has a good control effect on weeds,which can reduce grass and broad-leaf weeds.Compared with CK,the number of weeds in treatment A,B and C decreased by 11.71%,38.93%and 87.02%,respectively.From the results of control effect,the plant control effect and fresh weight control effect of the three treatments reached 11.43%,38.73%,86.99%and 44.56%,64.13%and 88.78%,respectively.In conclusion,the addition of decomposed rice husk can promote the growth and development of iris and improve the soil environment.The results of this study can provide theoretical guidance for the future research on chemical fertilizer reduction of flowers.