卜辞所见滳水与早期商先公踪迹考论

A Study of Shangshui and the Activity Area of the Shang Ancestors

滳水是见于甲骨卜辞的一条重要河流,关于其流经区域,学界意见尚有分歧。参照卜辞中所见地名体系,运用“卜辞地名系联法”与“文献对照法”,通过考察滳水流域“■”“盂”“■”“壴”“商”等田猎地、军事地地望,可勾勒出滳水流经今河南省濮阳县南与山东省鄄城县南。该流域处于早期商人活动范围,滳水与早期商人关系密切。以滳水流路为参照,文献所载商始祖契所居之“蕃(番)”、昭明所居之“砥石”、相土所居之“商丘(商)”均可锁定在濮阳至鄄城一线。滳水流路的确定,对于卜辞所见地名体系构建以及先商文化分布研究具有重要意义。

Shangshui(滳水)is an important river found in oracle bone inscriptions.Concerning its flow path,the academic circle so far has not reached a common opinion.By using the"association method of Oracle and place names"and"literature comparison method",through investigating the geographical outlook of Xin(),Yu(盂),Fang(),Zhu(壴)and Shang(商)located in the Shangshui Basin,it can be verified that Shangshui flows through the south of the present Puyang(濮阳)County in Henan Province and the south of the present Juancheng(鄄城)County in Shandong Province.Taking the location of Shangshui as a reference,we can locate the Fan(蕃)where Qi(契)lived,the Dishi(砥石)where Zhaoming(昭明)lived,and the Shangqiu(商丘)where Xiangtu(相土)lived on the line from Puyang to Juancheng.The determination of the location of Shangshui is of great importance for the construction of the place name system seen in the oracle inscriptions and the study of the geographical distribution of the pre Shang culture.