液体活检技术在乳腺癌早期诊断中应用的研究进展

Research progress of liquid biopsy in early diagnosis of breast cancer

乳腺癌是目前最常见的女性恶性肿瘤,乳腺癌的早期诊断缺少高敏感度和高特异度的肿瘤标志物。临床工作中大多数乳腺癌患者因发现乳房肿块而确诊,病程往往处于进展的中晚期,耽误患者的治疗时机且影响患者的预后。伴随着相应学科技术的发展进步,液体活检技术以其技术优势迅速成为研究热点,展现出巨大的潜在的临床应用价值和前景,为乳腺癌的早期诊断另辟佳径。本文主要对液体活检技术中循环肿瘤DNA(circulating tumor DNA,ctDNA)、循环肿瘤细胞(circulating tumor cells,CTCs)、外泌体(exosomes)、肿瘤诱导血小板(tumor-educated platelets,TEPs)等肿瘤标志物在乳腺癌早期诊断中应用的研究进展进行综述。

Breast cancer is the most common female malignant tumor.Early diagnosis of breast cancer is lack of tumor markers with high sensitivity and specificity.In clinical work,most patients are diagnosed because of breast mass.The course of disease is often in the middle and late stage of progression,which affects the treatment opportunity and prognosis of patients.With the development and progress of corresponding disciplines and technologies,liquid biopsy technology with its technical advantages has rapidly become a research hotspot,showing the great potential clinical application value and prospect,which opens a new way for early diagnosis of breast cancer.In this paper,we reviewed the new progress of tumor markers such as circulating tumor DNA(ctDNA),circulating tumor cells(CTCs),exosomes,tumor-educated platelets(TEPs)and other tumor markers in the early diagnosis of breast cancer.