评估泰国Dun Lumpun非狩猎区淡水蟹(粉蚧蟹)对环境变化的敏感性

Assessing Vulnerability to Environmental Changes of Freshwater Crab,Thaipotamon chulabhorn in the Dun Lumpun Non-Hunting Area,Thailand

Thaipotamon chulabhorn,通常称为粉蚧蟹,是一种在《国际自然保护联盟濒危物种红色名录》中被列为“最不受关注”物种的淡水蟹,它们仅存在于泰国DunLumpun森林内,并且越来越容易受到环境变化的影响。本研究旨在调查导致粉蚧蟹对环境变化脆弱性的关键动态因素。研究期从2016年3月15日至10月23日,涵盖了当地夏季至雨季结束的时间段。本研究使用1997–2016年的蟹种群记录、野外测量和调查,以及对经验丰富的公园管理员的采访,进行了脆弱性评估。研究结果显示,干旱对蟹种群和它们的生计构成了最大的威胁(得分为7.96/10),其次是天敌数量的增加(得分为7.41/10),地下水位的变化(得分为6.11/10),地下水质量的变化(得分为4.63/10),森林土壤的变化(得分为4.63/10)和人为干扰(得分为4.26/10)。自1996年以来,人为干预对蟹种群产生的直接影响很小,主要是因为公园方限制了人群进入该森林区域。表现为异常的降雨量和雨季开始较早的2016年干旱,严重影响了粉蚧蟹的交配季节并缩短了持续时间。然而,持续增加的蟹种群表明,它们在面对更多的天敌数量、不断变化的地下水和森林土壤的情况下,不会受到显著的脆弱性影响。总之,尽管存在栖息地和气候变化,Thaipotamon chulabhorn螃蟹种群在本研究期间表现出正常的发展,但在干旱期的生长周期会表现异常。

Thaipotamon chulabhorn(Mealy Crab)is a freshwater crab,listed as‘Least Concerned’in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.Nonetheless,this crab is exclusively found in one small area of the Dun Lumpun Forest,Thailand,and currently faces high exposure to environmental changes.This study aims to investigate key dynamic factors that influence vulnerability to environmental changes of the Mealy Crab.The study was conducted between 15 March and 23 October 2016,covering the local summer until the end of the rainy season and being influenced by strong El Niño,thus suggesting drought episodes.This vulnerability assessment was carried out through crab population records from 1997 to 2016,field measurements/surveys,and interviews with experienced park rangers.The results revealed that drought is the major vulnerability factor that is threatening the population of the crabs and their livelihoods(7.96 out of 10),followed by an increased number of their natural enemies(7.41),variations in groundwater level(6.11),changes in groundwater quality(4.63),changes in forest soil(4.63)and human intervention(4.26).Since 1996,human intervention has been found to have a little direct impact on the crab population due to the restricted access to forest resources.The 2016 drought was accompanied by anomalously low rainfall and the early onset of the rainy season,contributing to an earlier and shorter mating period of the crabs.Nonetheless,a consistently increased number of the Mealy Crab population indicated that they are not significantly vulnerable to a larger number of their natural enemies,and even to the changes in groundwater and forest soil.In conclusion,the crab population was increasing along with changes in the habitat and climate and its growth cycle was unusual during the drought.