尼泊尔卡纳利省药用和芳香植物对国内生产总值的贡献

Contribution of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants on Gross Domestic Product in Karnali Province,Nepal

自古以来,药用和芳香植物(MAPs)在尼泊尔就被广泛种植并用于医疗保健和治疗实践,在尼泊尔社区拥有很重要的文化、宗教和经济价值。近年来,MAPs部门在尼泊尔尤其是喜马拉雅山区是一个不断发展的商业部门,为低收入人群提供生计机会。本研究评估了MAPs对尼泊尔卡纳利省国内生产总值(GDP)的贡献。卡纳利省共鉴定出58种MAPs。人们发现,这些一年生、两双年生和多年生植物的各个部分都可被用作药物、香水和食品。在2019/2020财年,卡纳利省的MAP产生的经济产出为1607.38亿尼泊尔卢比(13.9亿美元),相当于卡纳利省GDP的1.03%,相当于全国GDP的0.02%。然而,调查结果显示,由于未纳入药用植物的民族植物学用途,目前的GDP估算低估了MAPs部门对国家GDP的贡献,如果将人们从这一部门获得的所有收入和环境利益都体现在国民账户体系中,进行估价和记录,那么MAPs的GDP将远远高于本研究中的估算值。我们得出结论,MAPs对卡纳利省和尼泊尔的GDP有合理的贡献。

Medicinal and aromatic plants(MAPs)have been grown and used extensively for health care and healing practices since time immemorial in Nepal.They possess cultural,religious and economic values in Nepalese communities.In recent years,the MAPs sector is a growing commercial sector in Nepal that provides livelihood opportunities for low income generating people especially in the Himalayas.In this regard,this study assesses the contribution of MAPs to the gross domestic product(GDP)of Karnali Province of Nepal.A total of 58 species of MAPs were identified in Karnali Province.It was found that various parts of these annuals,biennials and perennial plants have been used as medicines,perfumes and food.MAPs in Karnali Province generated economic output equivalent to NPR 160738 million(USD 1.39 billion)or 1.03%of GDP of Karnali Province and 0.02%of the National GDP in the fiscal year 2019/2020.However,the findings revealed that the current GDP estimate undervalues the contribution of the MAPs sector to the national GDP due to the non-inclusion of ethnobotanical uses of medicinal plants.Moreover,if all cash and environmental benefits people derive from this sector could be valued and recorded in the System of National Accounts,the GDP from MAPs would be much higher than the amount estimated in this study.We conclude that MAPs have a reasonable contribution to the GDP of Karnali Province and Nepal.