湿热地区冷巷空间自然通风降温性能研究

Study on Natural Ventilation and Cooling Performance of Cold Lane Space in Hot and Humid Regions

冷巷是我国南方湿热地区民居建筑中重要的气候调节空间。为探究冷巷的自然通风降温性能,研究采用定性分析和定量模拟的方法,对冷巷的空间构成类型、降温效果、设计影响因子等进行研究。定性研究方面,采用案例对比研究的方法,将冷巷的构成类型做了梳理,辅助FLIR热成像仪,对其降温防热效果做了定性分析;定量研究方面,对带有冷巷的典型民居中空气温度、风速、壁面温度等热环境参数进行了实地测试分析,选取了冷巷的形态、宽度和方位3个设计因子进行了CFD数值模拟分析。研究表明,冷巷对相邻居室的降温作用明显,在气候调节方面能够起到热缓冲调节的作用;当风向与纵冷巷方向一致时,室外纵冷巷能够获得良好的室内外热工环境;冷巷宽度增加,冷巷及其他用房的适应性平均热感觉指标均会随之升高;冷巷轴线角度与当地夏季最大风频方向控制在30°时,室内外均能获得良好的热环境。

The cold alley is an important climate regulation space in the residential buildings in the humid and hot regions of southern China.To explore the natural ventilation and cooling performance of cold alleys,qualitative analysis and quantitative simulation were used to study the space composition type,cooling effect,and design influence factors of cold alleys.In terms of qualitative research,the method of case comparison research was used to categorize the composition types of cold alleys,and the FLIR thermal imager was also used to make a qualitative analysis of its cooling and heat protection effect.In terms of quantitative research,thermal environment parameters such as air temperature,wind speed and wall temperature of typical residential buildings with cold alleys were tested and analyzed.Three design factors of the shape,width,and orientation of the cold lane were selected for CFD numerical simulation analysis.The research shows that the cold alley has a prominent effect on the cooling of the adjacent room,and can play a role in thermal buffer adjustment in terms of climate regulation.When the wind direction is consistent with the direction of the longitudinal cold alley,the outdoor longitudinal cold alley can realize a sound indoor and outdoor thermal environment.With the increase in the width of the cold lane,the adaptive average thermal sensation index of the cold lane and other buildings will increase accordingly.When the axis angle of the cold lane and the direction of the local maximum wind frequency in summer are controlled at 30°,good indoor and outdoor thermal environment can be realized.