孔府的新年食俗:一个多元建构的“礼仪标签”

Eating Customs during Spring Festival of Confucius Mansion in the Period of the Ming and the Qing Dynasties to the Republic of China:A Pluralistically Constructed “Etiquette Label”

孔府的新年食俗,是聚合民间岁时风习与儒家礼仪实践的特殊饮食现象,为传统社会礼俗交织的产物。此一岁时饮食活动,以兼具世俗色彩与神圣面相的年节食物为载体,配备严密运转的饮馔物资供需系统,在满足其原生诉求的同时兼具礼俗互动的次生意蕴。孔府的新年食俗,一方面构筑起儒家教化的心理认同,成为儒家思想通俗化的合理阵地;另一方面促进了礼俗互动的双向调适,以民众日用的年节食物为媒介,开辟了礼化于俗的柔性机制。这个多元建构的“礼仪标签”,既是地方群体微观生活的民俗缩影,亦是传统社会礼俗通约的时代注脚。

The eating customs during Spring Festival of Confucius Mansion is a special dietary phenomenon that combines the folk customs and the Confucian etiquette practice,which is the fusion of traditional social etiquette and customs.The eating activities during Spring Festival of Confucius Mansion took the annual food with both secular color and sacred face as the carrier and equipped with a closely running supply and demand system of delicious materials.On the basis of the catalysis of Confucian etiquette education,it had met both the original demands and the secondary implication of etiquette and custom interaction.On the one hand,it had built the psychological identification of Confucian education and become the reasonable position for the popularization of Confucianism.On the other hand,it had promoted the two-way adjustment of the interaction of etiquette and customs and had developed the flexible mechanism with the daily annual food of the people.This diversified“etiquette label”is not only the epitome of the folk customs of the micro life of the local groups,but also the footnote of the general contract of the etiquette and customs in the traditional society.