学科史、学术体制与学科发展——中国民俗学的自我认知与发展策略

Discipline History,Academic System,and Discipline Development:The Self-Perception and Development Strategies of Chinese Folklore Studies

中国民俗学的学科发展史肇始于1922年北京大学《歌谣》周刊的创刊。一百年来,中国民俗学经历了史前史(20世纪初叶)、探索期(1922-1949)、蛰伏期(1949-1979)、爆发期(1979-1997)、发展期(1997至今),形成了注重历史传承和注重文学特性的两种不同取向的学术传统。在当今严重受制于学术体制制约的背景下,民俗学的发展必须考虑民俗学与民间文学并重,做到民俗学与非物质文化遗产优势互补,充分发挥民俗学的当代性,为学科建设和人才培养寻求更多更有效的途径。

The discipline history of Chinese folklore studies traces back to the establishment of Ge Yao Zhou Kan at Peking University in 1922.Over the past century,Chinese folklore studies have undergone distinct phases:prehistory(early 20th century),exploratory period(1922-1949),dormant period(1949-1979),explosive period(1979-1997),and development period(1997-present).This has given rise to two distinct academic traditions that emphasize historical lineage and literary characteristics.In the current landscape,heavily influenced by academic systems,the development of folklore studies necessitates the balanced emphasis on both folklore and folk literature.It is imperative to achieve a complementary advantage with intangible cultural heritage,fully develop the contemporary relevance of folklore studies,and seek more effective pathways for discipline construction and talent cultivation.