深圳市宝安区托幼机构学龄前儿童的超重、肥胖现状及家长对肥胖的知信行调查

Investigation on current situation of overweight and obesity among preschool children in childcare institutions and parents’knowledge,attitude,and practice in obesity in Bao’an District,Shenzhen City

目的调查宝安区3~6岁儿童的肥胖现状以及家长对肥胖的知识、态度和干预行为的情况,为制定儿童肥胖的防控策略提供科学依据。方法采取分层整群随机抽样的方法抽取2021年宝安区6所幼儿园1748名学龄前儿童作为研究对象,测量身高、体重,同时通过问卷调查儿童家长的肥胖知信行状况。结果学龄前儿童的超重率为9.50%,其中女童为7.58%,男童为11.41%;儿童肥胖率为5.67%,其中女童为4.25%,男童为7.07%;不同性别的超重与肥胖发生率差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=14.497,P<0.001)。超重肥胖儿童家长的肥胖知、信、行评分均低于非超重肥胖儿童家长(P<0.05)。家长的肥胖知信行调查问卷的知、信、行得分及格率分别为56.23%、88.57%、43.55%,三者之间存在正相关,差异有统计学意义,但相关程度较弱(r=0.114~0.228,P<0.05)。结论宝安区托幼机构学龄前儿童的超重率及肥胖率均较高,可能与家长营养健康知识水平较低,缺乏对肥胖的正确认知,未对儿童的饮食习惯、静态行为及体育锻炼方面开展针对性干预有关。应加强家长的健康教育,积极探索联防联控模式,减少儿童超重和肥胖的发生。

Objective To investigate the current situation of obesity in children aged 3-6 in Bao’an District,as well as parents’knowledge,attitude,and intervention behavior towards obesity,so as to provide scientific evidence for formulating prevention and control strategies for childhood obesity.Methods Questionnaire survey was carried out among adults who were sampled from urban areas in Shenzhen City.A stratified cluster random sampling method was used to select 1748 preschool children from 6 kindergartens in Bao’an District in 2021 as research subjects,their height and weight were measured,and the obesity knowledge and belief status of the parents were investigated through questionnaires.Results The overweight rate of preschool children was 9.50%,including 7.58%for girls and 11.41%for boys.The childhood obesity rate was 5.67%,of which 4.25%were girls and 7.07%were boys.There were statistically significant differences in the incidence of overweight and obesity between sexes(χ^(2)=14.497,P<0.001).The obesity knowledge,belief,and behavior scores of parents of overweight and obese children were significantly lower than those of parents of non-overweight and obese children(P<0.05).The scores and passing rates of the obesity knowledge,attitude,and practice questionnaire of parents were 56.23%,88.57%,and 43.55%,respectively,and there was a positive correlation among the three,and the difference was statistically significant,but the correlation degree was weak(r=0.114-0.228,P<0.05).Conclusions The high rates of overweight and obesity in preschool children in childcare institutions in Bao’an District may be related to the low level of parents’nutrition and health knowledge,lack of correct cognition of obesity,and lack of targeted interventions on children’s eating habits,static behaviors,and physical exercises.Parents’health education should be strengthened,and joint prevention and control models should be actively explored to reduce the occurrence of overweight and obesity in children.