2019年中国6~18岁汉族学生近视流行病学特征分析

Epidemiological characteristics of myopia among Han Chinese students aged 6-18 years in China in 2019

目的了解中国6~18岁汉族学生近视的流行病学特征,为有针对性地预防干预学生近视提供理论支持。方法基于2019年全国学生体质健康与健康调研资料中6~18岁汉族学生的近视检出率数据,分析中国汉族学生城乡男女近视流行在不同年龄组、性别和地区的分布特点。结果2019年我国6~18岁汉族学生中,男、女生近视检出率分别为53.5%、59.8%,城市学生和乡村学生的近视检出率分别为59%、54.2%。近视检出率随年龄而升高,6岁、7~10岁、11~14岁、15~18岁4个年龄段近视检出率分别为13.3%、32.0%、66.6%、82.5%。6~17岁各年龄组近视检出率均随着年龄的增加而升高。除6岁外,其他年龄的近视检出率为城市女高于城市男,乡村女高于乡村男。7~10岁近视检出率由高到低依次为城市女、城市男、乡村女、乡村男,11~18岁近视检出率由高到低依次为城市女、乡村女、城市男、乡村男。湖南省6岁城市男和乡村女近视最严重,山东省城市男乡村女在7~10岁和11~14岁近视检出率最高,浙江省15~18岁城市男近视检出率最高,山东省15~18岁乡村女近视检出率亦最高。结论2019年中国6~18岁汉族学近视检出率仍处于较高水平。应该综合考虑年龄、地区和性别来做好儿童青少年近视防控工作。

Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of myopia among Han Chinese students aged 6-18 years in China,so as to provide data theoretical support for the next policy adjustment and targeted prevention and intervention of myopia among students.Methods Based on the myopia detection rate data of Han students aged 6-18 years in the 2019 National Student Physical Health and Health Survey,the distribution characteristics of the prevalence of myopia among urban and rural men and women of Han Chinese students in different age groups,genders,and regions were analyzed.Results In 2019,among Han students aged 6-18 years in China,the detection rates of myopia among male and female students were 53.5%and 59.8%,respectively,and the detection rates of myopia among urban students and rural students were 59%and 54.2%,respectively.The detection rate of myopia increased with age,and the detection rates of myopia in the four age groups of 6 years,7-10 years old,11-14 years old,and 15-18 years old were 13.3%,32.0%,66.6%,and 82.5%,respectively.The myopia detection rate increased with age in all age groups from 6 to 18 years old.Except for 6 years old group,the detection rates of myopia among other age groups is higher in urban girls than in urban boys and higher in rural girls than in boys.The detection rates of myopia at the age of 7-10 years were urban women,urban men,rural women,and rural men from high to low,and the detection rates of myopia in 11-18 years old were urban women,rural women,urban men and rural men from high to low.Six-year-old urban boys and rural girls had the most serious myopia in Hunan Province,and the highest myopia detection rates occurred in urban males and rural females aged 7-10 years and 11-14 years in Shandong Province,the highest myopia detection rate occurred in urban males aged 15-18 years in Zhejiang Province,and the highest myopia detection rate occurred in rural females aged 15-18 years in Shandong Province.Conclusions The myopia detection rate of Han Chinese aged 6-18 years is still at a high level in 2019.Age,region,and gender should be taken into account to improve myopia prevention and control among children and adolescents.