新冠疫情前后昆山高新区学校传染病聚集性疫情对比分析

Comparative analysis of aggregation epidemic events of infectious diseases in schools of Kunshan High-tech Zone before and after COVID-19 epidemic

目的分析新冠肺炎疫情前后昆山高新区学校传染病聚集性疫情的流行特征,为制订相关防控措施提供依据。方法以2020年1月24日江苏省启动突发公共卫生事件一级应急响应为时间节点,采用描述性流行病学方法,对新冠疫情前(2018年1月24日—2020年1月23日)和新冠疫情后(2020年1月24日—2022年1月23日),在该区学校内发生的传染病聚集疫情的流行特点进行对比分析。结果新冠疫情后学校传染病聚集性疫情大幅减少,由新冠疫情前的91起降至60起,共涉及5个病种,其中流感样病例和手足口病下降最为明显,疱疹性咽峡炎聚集性疫情在新冠疫情后出现增长趋势,新冠疫情前后不同病种聚集性疫情分布差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=11.773,P=0.019)。各病种聚集性疫情罹患率在新冠疫情后均下降,其中水痘和流感样病例疫情的罹患率下降最明显,分别由14.35%降至7.49%(χ^(2)=14.256,P<0.001)、28.73%降至25.02%(χ^(2)=4.673,P=0.031)。托幼机构是手足口病和疱疹性咽峡炎聚集性疫情高发场所,小学是流感样病例疫情高发场所。11月—次年1月和4—5月出现2个发病高峰,分别以流感样病例和肠道感染聚集性疫情为主。结论新冠疫情后学校传染病聚集性疫情有下降趋势,应根据各级学校不同传染病、时间集聚特点,有针对性地做好学校传染病防控工作。

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of aggregation epidemic events of infectious diseases in schools of Kunshan High-tech Zone before and after the novel coronavirus pneumonia(COVID-19)epidemic,so as to provide evidence for developing relevant prevention and control measures.Methods Taking the first-level emergency response to public health emergencies in Jiangsu Province on January 24,2020,as the time node,descriptive epidemiological methods were used to compare and analyze the epidemiological characteristics of infectious disease clusters in schools in the district before the COVID-19 epidemic(January 24,2018—January 23,2020)and after the COVID-19 epidemic(January 24,2020—January 23,2022).Results After the COVID-19 epidemic,the cluster of infectious diseases in schools decreased significantly,from 91 to 60 cases before the COVID-19 epidemic,involving a total of 5 diseases,among which influenza-like and hand-foot-and-mouth disease(HFMD)decreased the most,herpangina cluster showed an increasing trend after the COVID-19 epidemic,and the distribution of different disease clusters before and after the COVID-19 epidemic was statistically significant(χ^(2)=11.773,P=0.019).The incidence rate of cluster outbreaks of all diseases decreased after the COVID-19 epidemic,among which the incidence rate of chickenpox and influenza-like epidemics decreased the most,from 14.35%to 7.49%(χ^(2)=14.256,P<0.001)and 28.73%to 25.02%(χ^(2)=4.673,P=0.031).Childcare facilities were places of a high incidence of clusters of HFMD and herpangina,and primary schools were places of a high incidence of influenza-like outbreaks.There were two peaks in November-following January and April-May,with influenza-like and intestinal infection clusters,respectively.Conclusions After the COVID-19 epidemic,the cluster of infectious diseases in schools has a downward trend,and the prevention and control of infectious diseases in schools should be done in a targeted manner according to the characteristics of different infectious diseases and time agglomeration in schools at all levels.