福建省全国乡村旅游重点村空间分布及影响因素

Spatial distribution and influencing factors of the key villages of national rural tourism in Fujian Province

【目的】创建全国乡村旅游重点村是促进乡村振兴的重要内容和路径,探究其空间分布特征及影响因素,有利于巩固脱贫成果,实现乡村振兴。【方法】以福建省49个全国乡村旅游重点村为研究对象,借助ArcGIS软件,运用核密度分析、最近邻指数、不平衡指数等方法分析其空间分布特征,并采用地理联系率等方法剖析其影响因素。【结果】1)在漳州市西部与龙岩市东南部交界地区有一处高密度集聚区。漳州市与厦门市交界处,平潭综合实验区、福州市与莆田市交界处,以及南平市西南部与三明市北部交界处有3处次级密度集聚区。2)福建省49个全国乡村旅游重点村中有17个位于海拔200 m以下,占比34.69%;15个位于海拔200~500 m,占比30.62%;17个位于海拔500~1000 m。90%以上的重点村分布在东南部的滨海平原地区、闽西以及闽中主要山脉地区。3)福建省全国乡村旅游重点村与人口、经济和5A级景区的地理联系率分别为:V_(P)为99.73,V_(E)为99.68,V_(5A)为99.84,表明福建省全国乡村旅游重点村与其所在地的人口、经济水平和5A级景区的地理关联度较强。且历史文化型重点村分布数量最多,在各市区均有分布。4)福建省全国乡村旅游重点村总体上沿着主要公路干线分布,但全省公路密度排名后四位的南平、三明、龙岩和宁德市的乡村旅游重点村数量相对较多。【结论】全国乡村旅游重点村在福建省整体分布呈小集聚、大分散的空间特点。其分布主要受地形地貌、人口经济、交通条件、旅游资源、政策5个因素的影响。建议积极引导各村落挖掘利用自身资源特色,树立独特品牌形象,加快补足现有短板,强化政府主导地位,高质量发展乡村旅游,促进乡村振兴。

【Objective】Building key villages for national rural tourism in China is an important content and path to promote rural revitalization,and exploring their spatial distribution characteristics and influencing factors is conducive to consolidating poverty alleviation achievements and realizing rural revitalization.【Method】Taking 49 key national rural tourism villages in Fujian Province as the research object,ArcGIS software was used to analyze their spatial distribution characteristics by kernel density analysis,nearest neighbor indexes and unbalance indexes,and the geographical linkage rate and other methods were used to analyze their influencing factors.【Result】(1)There was a high-density aggregation area in the boundary zone between the western of Zhangzhou City and the southeastern of Longyan City.There were three sub-density aggregation areas in the boundary zone between Zhangzhou and Xiamen City,the boundary zone between Pingtan Comprehensive Experimental Area,Fuzhou and Putian City,and the boundary zone between the southwest of Nanping and the northern of Sanming City.(2)Among the 49 key national rural tourism villages in Fujian Province,17 were located below 200m above the sea level,accounting for 34.69%,15 were located between 200m and 500 m above the sea level,accounting for 30.62%,and 17 were located between 500m and 1000m above the sea level.Above 90%of the key villages were distributed in the coastal plain area in the southeast,western Fujian Mountain and the main mountain area in central Fujian.(3)The geographical correlation rates of the key national rural tourism villages in Fujian Province with population,economy and 5A scenic spots were:VP was 99.73,V_(E) was 99.68 and V_(5A) was 99.84,indicating that they had strong geographical correlations with their population,economic levels and 5A scenic spots.The number of historical and cultural key villages was the largest in all urban areas.(4)The key villages of national rural tourism in Fujian Province were generally distributed along main highways,but the number of key villages of rural tourism in Nanping,Sanming,Longyan and Ningde,which ranked the last four in terms of highway density,was relatively large.【Conclusion】The key villages of national rural tourism in Fujian Province show the spatial characteristics of small aggregation and large dispersion.Their distribution was mainly affected by five factors:landform,population and economy,traffic conditions,tourism resources and policies.It is suggested to actively guide all villages to explore and utilize their own resources,establish a unique brand image,accelerate the improvement of existing weaknesses,strengthen the leading role of the government,develop high-quality rural tourism,and promote rural revitalization.