精神科住院患者跌倒危险因素分析及护理对策

Analysis of Fall Risk Factors and Nursing Countermeasures in Psychiatric Inpatients

目的:探讨精神科住院患者发生跌倒的相关危险因素,提出有针对性的预防措施,降低住院精神障碍患者跌倒的发生风险。方法:回顾性分析2016年1月—2022年12月重庆医科大学附属第一医院精神科病房发生跌倒的住院患者35例病历资料,分析和总结发生跌倒的相关危险因素及预防措施。结果:35例跌倒患者中,≥60岁占比54.3%;女性比例高,占比85.7%;中学文化程度比例高,占比57.1%;无跌倒史患者比例高,占比77.1%;跌倒时间在00:00—08:00占比51.4%;跌倒地点以卫生间为主,占比34.3%;跌倒发生前的症状头晕、未站稳各占比34.3%;跌倒造成的后果以0级为主,占比60%。跌倒发生的危险因素主要与跌倒护理安全管理、患者依从性、患者自身疾病因素、病区环境、药物因素有关。结论:精神科住院患者需加强跌倒风险管理,提高患者安全意识和依从性,减少跌倒发生。

Objective:To explore the related risk factors of falls in inpatients with psychiatric disorders,and put forward targeted preventive measures to reduce the risk of falls in inpatients with mental disorders.Methods:The medical records of thirty-five inpatients with falls in the psychiatric ward of the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from January 2016 to December 2022 were retrospectively analyzed,and the related risk factors and preventive measures for falls were analyzed and summarized.Results:Among the 35 cases of fall patients,54.3%were≥60 years old;The proportion of women was high,accounting for 85.7%;The proportion of middle school education was high,accounting for 57.1%;The proportion of patients without fall history was high,accounting for 77.1%;The fall time accounted for 51.4%from 00:00 to 08:00;The fall place was mainly in the bathroom,accounting for 34.3%;The symptoms of dizziness and unsteadiness before falling accounted for 34.3%;The consequences caused by falls were mainly level 0,accounting for 60%;The risk factors of fall were mainly related to the safety management of fall care,patient compliance,patient's own disease factors,ward environment and drug factors.Conclusion:Inpatients in psychiatric department need to strengthen fall risk management,improve patient safety awareness and compliance,and reduce the occurrence of falls.