试论洗钱罪均衡量刑

Exploring the Balanced Sentencing of Money Laundering Crime

洗钱罪的量刑存在失衡问题,主要表现为洗钱罪系统内量刑失衡、与上游犯罪量刑失衡、与其他赃物犯罪量刑失衡,核心原因在于洗钱罪量刑规则缺乏系统性、犯罪情节认定标准不明确、与上游犯罪的量刑标准不统一、与其他赃物犯罪量刑不协调。为实现洗钱罪量刑均衡,应全面把握犯罪情节,准确适用自首、坦白、立功等从宽处罚情节,综合评价洗钱行为的社会危害性,以解决“唯数额论”对洗钱罪量刑失衡造成的影响。洗钱罪系赃物犯罪体系中法定刑最重的犯罪,洗钱罪的量刑应当重于掩饰、隐瞒犯罪所得、犯罪所得收益罪与窝藏、转移、隐瞒毒品、毒赃罪的量刑,实现洗钱罪与其他赃物犯罪的量刑均衡。依据法益恢复理论,对主观上积极认罪悔罪,客观上退赃退赔的洗钱行为人,可以在法定刑幅度范围以下量刑,实现洗钱罪与其上游犯罪的量刑均衡。

There is an imbalance in the sentencing of money laundering crimes,which is mainly manifested as imbalance in the sentencing system of money laundering crimes,imbalance in sentencing with predicate crimes,and imbalance in sentencing with other stolen property crimes.The core reason is that the sentencing rules for money laundering crimes are not systematic,the standards for determining the circumstances of crimes are not clear enough,the sentencing standards for predicate crimes are not unified enough,and the sentencing standards for other stolen goods crimes are not coordinated enough.In order to achieve a balanced sentencing for money laundering crimes,it is necessary to fully grasp the circumstances of the crime,accurately apply lenient punishment circumstances such as voluntary surrender,confession,and meritorious service,and comprehensively evaluate the social harm of money laundering acts,so as to solve the impact of the“amount theory”on the imbalance in sentencing for money laundering crimes.The crime of money laundering is the crime with the heaviest statutory penalty in the stolen property crime system,and the sentencing for the crime of money laundering should be heavier than the crime of concealing or concealing criminal proceeds,the proceeds of crime,and the punishment for harboring,transferring or concealing drug stolen goods,so as to achieve a balanced sentencing of money laundering crimes and other stolen goods crimes.According to the theory of“legal benefit recovery”,the sentencing of money laundering perpetrators who subjectively actively admit guilt and repent and objectively return stolen goods and make compensation is below the statutory range of punishment,so that the sentencing of money laundering crimes is lighter than that of predicate crimes.