数据产权“三权分置”的私法逻辑

The Private Law Logic of“Three Rights Separation”of Data Property Rights

“数据二十条”首创“三权分置”的数据产权制度,该制度的构建需从私法角度证成数据产权“三权分置”的正当性,为数据产权运行提供法治保障。基于产权结构多元化和民事权利确权授权理论,数据产权“三权分置”所蕴涵的私法逻辑在于——数据产权“三权分置”从淡化所有权观念出发,创造性地提出数据资源持有权,并在数据资源持有权与数据加工使用权“二权分置”的基础上提出数据产品经营权,由此构建了数据产权“三权分置”的框架。三重授权成为数据产权“三权分置”的基本实现路径,而适应数据要素特征的登记新方式有利于数据产权及其交易的保护。

"Article 20 of Data"initiated the data property rights system of"three rights separation".The establish-ment of this system needs to prove the legitimacy of"three rights separation"from the perspective of private law,and provide legal protection for the operation of data property rights.Based on the theory of diversification of property right structure and confirmation and authorization of civil rights,the private law logic contained in the"separation of three rights"of data property rights is as follows:The"three rights separation"of data property rights starts from the dilution of ownership concept,creatively puts forward the ownership rights of data resources,and puts forward the management rights of data products on the basis of the"two rights separation"of data resource own-ership rights and data processing right,thus constructing the framework of"three rights separation"of data property rights.On this basis,triple authorization becomes the basic realization path of'three rights separation"of data pro-perty rights,and the new registration method that adapts to the characteristics of data elements is conducive to the protection of data property rights and their transactions,