数能一体化能量自治无线传感器网络:机遇与挑战

Energy Sustainable Wireless Information and Power Transfer Sensor Networks:Opportunities and Challenges

作为物联网感知层的关键技术之一,无线传感器网络随着物联网应用的日益普及而备受关注。科学地对现存无线传感器网络能量自治技术进行梳理与综述,对物联网理论发展与技术进步意义重大。然而,学术界目前大多数综述只聚焦于传统无线传感器网络节能技术,缺乏基于数能一体化传输技术的WSNs能量自治研究的相关阐述。为此,首先详细综述了现存的无线传感器网络能量自治技术,并按照能量自治手段的差异,将其分为被动式节能技术、可再生能源收割技术以及数能一体化传输供能技术三类。随后,基于数能一体化传输技术提出了数能一体化能量自治无线传感器网络概念模型,并从网络协议体系以及能量管理层面对其进行了详细分析与论述。此外,阐述了数能一体化能量自治无线传感器网络存在的机遇,同时指出了其面临的挑战。最后,进行了总结并对数能一体化能量自治无线传感器网络未来可行研究方向进行了预判与分析。

As one of the key techniques at the perception layer of the Internet of Things(IoT),Wireless Sensor Networks(WSNs)have attracted extensive attention with the increasing popularity of applications in IoT.It is of great significance for the theory development and technological progress in IoT to present a scientific and detailed review on the techniques of energy sustainability in WSNs.Howev⁃er,most of the existing reviews only focus on the energy efficiency of the traditional WSNs.None of them pays attention to the energy sustainability technique based on the technology of the Simultaneous Wireless Information and Power Transfer(SWIPT).To this end,a detailed survey on techniques of the energy sustainability in WSNs is presented at length.All of the existing techniques of energy sus⁃tainability are divided into three categories,i.e.,passive energy⁃saving technique,renewable energy harvesting technique,and SWIPT⁃based energy supply technique.Subsequently,based on the technique of SWIPT,a conceptual model of Energy Sustainable Wireless In⁃formation and Power transfer Sensor Networks(ESWIPSN)is proposed.It is analyzed and discussed at length from the perspective of the network protocol architecture and the energy management aspect respectively.In addition,the opportunities for ESWIPSN are elaborated and the potential challenges it faced are also pointed out.Finally,the conclusion is drawn and the possible research directions of ESWIPSN in the future are predicted and analyzed.