10种蔷薇科绿化植物固碳释氧特性及叶片气孔微形态分析

Analysis of carbon fixation,oxygen release characteristics and leaf

【目的】研究蔷薇科园林植物的固碳释氧能力及其与叶面积、气孔微形态的相关性,对于合理筛选城市绿化树种,充分发挥城市绿地的碳汇功能具有理论参考和实践意义。【方法】采用TPS-2便携式光合速率测定仪测定了10种蔷薇科绿化树种(5种小乔木、5种灌木)的净光合速率,应用扫描电镜观察了叶表面气孔微形态,利用Pearson法分析了不同植物的日固碳量与叶面积、气孔微形态的相关性。【结果】1)10种蔷薇科植物的净光合速率日变化呈“单峰形”曲线的分别是紫叶李、日本晚樱、木瓜海棠、棣棠花和火棘,呈“双峰形”的有杏、垂丝海棠、西府海棠、月季花和红叶石楠。2)日净固碳能力最强的是木瓜海棠(10.26 g·m^(-2)·d^(-1)),最弱的是西府海棠(4.81g·m^(-2)·d^(-1))。5种小乔木和5种灌木单位叶面积日净固碳量均值分别为7.67和7.62g·m^(-2)·d^(-1),日释氧量均值分别为5.64和5.55 g·m^(-2)·d^(-1)。3)10种蔷薇科植物光合固碳能力与叶面积、气孔密度、气孔长度、气孔宽度和气孔周长均呈正相关,气孔密度与气孔长度、宽度和周长呈负相关,而气孔长度和宽度、周长呈显著正相关。【结论】在同一立地环境下,10种蔷薇科植物的固碳释氧特性和气孔特性均存在差异。木瓜海棠、垂丝海棠、日本晚樱、月季、火棘和紫叶李等植物的固碳释氧能力相对较强,可为城市绿地系统生态补偿政策的制定和优良园林绿化树种的选育提供科学支撑。

【Objective】The study on the carbon fixation and oxygen release capacity of Rosaceae plants and their correlation with leaf area and stomatal micromorphology has theoretical references and practical significances for reasonably selecting urban greening tree species and fully utilizing the carbon sequestration function of urban green spaces.【Method】The net photosynthetic rate of 10 Rosaceae greening tree species(5 small trees and 5 shrubs)was measured using a TPS-2 portable photosynthetic rate analyzer,the leaf surface stomatal morphology was observed using a Scanning Electron Microscope,and the Pearson method was used to analyze the correlation between daily carbon sequestration and leaf area as well as stomatal morphology of different plants.【Result】1)The daily changes in the net photosynthetic rate of the 10 species of Rosaceae showed“unimodal”curves such as Prunus cerasifera,Cerasus serrulata var.lannesiana,Chaenomeles cathayensis(Hemsl.)Schneid,Kerria japonica and Pyracantha fortuneana,and“bimodal”curves for Prunus armeniaca,Malus halliana,Malus micromalus Makino,Rosa chinensis Jacq and Photinia serrulata.2)The strongest daily net carbon fixation capacity was found in Chaenomeles cathayensis(10.26 g∙m^(-2)·d^(-1))and Malus micromalus(4.81g∙m^(-2)·d^(-1))showed the weakest.The mean values of daily net carbon fixation per unit leaf area were 7.67 and 7.62 g∙m^(-2)·d^(-1)for the 5 small trees and 5 shrubs,respectively,and the mean values of daily oxygen release were 5.64 and 5.55 g∙m^(-2)·d^(-1),respectively.3)The photosynthetic carbon fixation capacity of 10 Rosaceae species was positively correlated with leaf area,stomatal density,stomatal length,stomatal width and stomatal perimeter,and stomatal density was negatively correlated with stomatal length,width and perimeter,while stomatal length was significantly positively correlated with width and perimeter.【Conclusion】Under the same site environment,there are differences in the carbon fixation and oxygen release and leaf stomatal characteristics among 10 species of Rosaceae plants.The ability of carbon fixation and oxygen release of Chaenomeles cathayensis(Hemsl.)Schneid,Malus halliana,Cerasus serrulata var.lannesiana,Rosa chinensis Jacq,Pyracantha fortuneana and Prunus cerasifera are relatively strong.These results can provide scientific support for the formulation of ecological compensation policies for urban green space systems and the selection of excellent landscaping tree species.