论日本海上保安厅的军事化发展倾向

The Trend of Militarization of the Japan Coast Guard

日本海上保安厅正在朝着军事化的方向发展,这一倾向在三份安全保障政策文件和《统制要领概要》相继公布后变得更加明显。虽然日本政府极力否定这一点,并一再强调海上保安厅的警察属性,但“警”“军”之间的界限持续模糊、两部门间的无缝对接进一步推进都是不争的事实。海警军事化的本质在于海警不断朝着与海军使命相配合的方向扩展职能,并推进自身体系改革,而日本海上保安厅近年来的建设正符合这一方向。日本海上保安厅的军事化倾向主要体现在行动、装备和人员培育等三个方面。在行动层面,主要体现为海上保安厅与海上自卫队间情报体系、后勤体系和指挥体系的一体化建设;在装备层面,主要体现为武器技术的共同研发和装备互操作性的提高;在人员培育层面,虽然双方分歧较大,但人员交流正在持续推进。日本海上保安厅的军事化建设会带来一系列负面影响,不仅会加深中日间的安全困境,带偏东亚地区的海警国际化合作方向,还会将日本更牢固地绑在美国军事战略的战车上。中国需要高度重视这一现象,并通过国际合作对这一问题进行持续纠偏。

The Japan Coast Guard is moving towards militarization,which has become even more apparent with the introduction of new versions of the"three defense documents"and the"Outline of Control Essentials".Despite the Japanese government's strong denial of militarization and their repeated emphasis on the police attribute of the Japan Coast Guard,the boundaries between"police"and"military"remain blurred,and there is a further promotion of seamless connection between the two departments.The article argues that the essence of the militarization of maritime police lies in the continuous expansion of their functions aligned with the navy's mission and the promotion of their own system reform.The recent developments in the construction of the Japan Coast Guard align with this direction.The trend of militarization within the Japan Coast Guard is primarily reflected in three aspects namely operations,equipment and personnel cultivation.In terms of operations,it is evident in the integrated construction of the intelligence system,logistics system and command system between The Japan Coast Guard and Japan Maritime Self-defense Forces.The equipment aspect is seen in the common research and development of weapon technology and the improvement of equipment interoperability.Although there are currently significant differences in terms of personnel cultivation between the two sides,personnel exchanges continue to progress.In the future,the militarization of the Japan Coast Guard will bring about a series of negative impacts.It will not only deepen the security dilemma between China and Japan,but also hinder the direction of international cooperation among maritime police in East Asia.Furthermore,it will further bind Japan to the combat vehicle of the U.S.military strategy.Therefore,it is crucial for China to attach great importance to that phenomenon and continue addressing that issue through international cooperation.