“反应性”视角下的日本对非洲外交

Japan's Diplomacy toward Africa from the Perspective of"Reactive"

二战后,日本在调整对外关系上多体现出因受到美国等外部压力影响而做出“反应性”政策调整的态势。由于对非洲的外交基础较为薄弱,日本在不同阶段制定对非政策时也体现出了较为明显的“反应性”特征。日本基于不同基本动因和差异性政策取向,在对非关系发展进程中针对亚洲、中东、欧美等“第三方因素”呈现出不同程度的“反应性”外交趋向。特别是当下日本对华战略制衡愈演愈烈且中国在非洲影响力日益增强,“中国因素”逐渐超越其他地区成为影响日本对非“反应性”外交的最重要参照因素。2022年日本举办的第八届“东京非洲发展国际会议”确立了对非合作新方向,其视中国为在非最大战略竞争对手,在政治经济等领域对华开展地缘博弈的趋势愈发显著。

Since the end of WWIl,Japan's diplomacy has adjusted its foreign relations,which is mostly characterized by""reactive"policy adjustments due to the influence of external pressures such as the U.S..Since Japan's diplomatic ties in Africa were relatively weak,Japan's policy toward Africa at different stages was also characterized by a more obvious"reactivity".Among them,Japan has shown different types of"reactive"diplomacy toward"third-party factors"such as Asia,the Middle East,Europe,and the United States in the process of developing relations with Africa based on various basic motives and policy orientations.In particular,the factor of China has gradually overtaken other regions as the most important variable factor influencing Japan's""reactive"diplomacy toward Africa,given Japan's increasing strategic checks and balances with China's growing influence in Africa.Japan held the eighth Tokyo International Conference on African Development(TICAD)in 2022,which set a new direction for its cooperation with Africa,and the trend of geopolitical games against China in the political and economic spheres is becoming more pronounced as it sees China as the biggest strategic competitor in Africa.