竞争的强制规律——资本内在趋势的实现及其物化批判

The Compulsory Rules of Competition:The Realization of the Intrinsic Tendency and Its Materialization Critique

将竞争混同于社会内卷化的一般观念遮蔽了竞争规律的社会历史规定。竞争作为由偶然性支配的人本身的交往条件,构成了资本内在趋势的外在必然性与实现方式,并构造出通过竞争实现个体自由的现代性意识形态幻想。马克思将竞争范畴界定为“许多资本”的现实运动,在一般利润率的外部性指标强制下,劳动的社会联系颠倒地表现为按照私有财产的一定比例分割剩余价值的社会权力,利润的平均化过程使剩余价值取得了与自身源泉及内在本质相对立的物化形态。竞争的自由表象无非意味着,以个人自由为基础的社会生产不过是资本统治的自由发展。就此而言,克服社会内卷化困境的现实出路正在于,以自由劳动的社会联合与生产资料的共同占有取代资本主义私人占有制。

Confounding competition with social involution obscures the socio-historical determinations of the law of competition.Competition,a condition of human communicative interaction governed by contingency,constitutes the external necessity and the mode of realization of the intrinsic tendency of capital while constructing an ideological fantasy of modernity,that is,the realization of individual freedom through competition.Marx defines the category of competition as the real movement of"many capitals",where the social relation of labor is inversely represented as the social power to divide surplus value in a certain proportion of private property through the coercion of the external indicators of the general rate of profit and where the averaging of profit gives surplus value a reified form contradictory to its source and inherent nature.The free appearance of competition means that social production,based on individual freedom,is nothing but the free development of the domination of capital.In this regard,a practical way to overcome the dilemma of social involution is to replace the capitalist private ownership with the social union of free labor and the shared ownership of the means of production.