美国人工智能生成物的版权归属和可版权性标准的重构

Copyright Attribution and Reconstruction of Copyrightability Standards for AI-Generated Works in the USA

人工智能(AI)行业的快速发展与人工智能生成物的兴起相匹配。如何为人工智能生成物分配版权所有权是一个亟待解决的难题。这些作品一般可以分为两类:演绎作品和非演绎作品。在演绎作品类别中,如果生成物属于人工智能程序的演绎作品,程序员应拥有版权。如果生成物属于用户提供的一些基础作品的演绎作品,用户或基础作品的版权所有者应拥有版权。在非演绎作品类别中,对于人工智能非独立生成物,其版权归人工智能使用者所有。对于人工智能独立生成物,根据现行美国版权法,这些作品不受版权保护。但实际上这些作品符合版权的要求,将作品置于公有领域是不合理的。版权可以授予人工智能的所有者、人工智能本身或拥有人工智能的公司。鉴于人工智能生成物对版权市场的负面影响,应为人工智能生成物设立版权登记和收取年费,作为其获得版权保护的唯一途径。在这种登记过程中,可以使用新的审查标准。

The rapid development of the Artificial Intelligence(AI) industry has been matched by a rise in AIgenerated works.How to assign copyright ownership to AI-generated works is a dilemma that requires an urgent solution.These works can generally be divided into two categories:derivative works and non-derivative works.In the category of derivative works,if those works are the derivative works of an AI program,the programmer should own the copyright.If the works are derivative works of some underlying work provided by the user,the user or the copyright owner of the underlying work should own the copyright.In the category of non-derivative works,for those works generated by AI non-independently,the user of the AI should own the copyright.For works generated by AI independently,these works are not protected by copyright under current US copyright law.But actually,these works meet the requirement of copyrightability,so placing them in the public domain is unreasonable.The copyright could be granted to the owner of the AI,the AI itself,or the corporation that owns the AI.In view of the negative impact of AI-generated work on the copyright market,copyright registration and an annual fee should be established for AI-generated works as the only gate to getting them protected by copyright.In the process of such registration,the new criteria of review could be utilized.