20世纪90年代中期以来卡塔尔政治治理改革评析

An Analysis of Political Governance Reform in Qatar since the mid-1990s

卡塔尔自独立以来,一直在努力探索国家政治治理的发展路向。1995年以来卡塔尔面对政治治理积弊、食利主义经济制度运行的风险、社会结构的新变化,以及国际社会的压力,埃米尔哈马德及其继任者塔米姆展开了一系列政治治理改革,包括完善法治建设、启动家族政治改革、落实民众权利等重要内容。政治治理改革的稳步推进促进了卡塔尔治理体系和治理能力现代化,为卡塔尔应对内外危机提供了有效支持。政治治理改革的方案和进程基于卡塔尔国情,体现了卡塔尔特色的民主政治发展道路,既有全面参与的特点,又注重治理的过程性,同时改革成效也具有有限性。在国情和国际环境相似的情况下,卡塔尔的政治治理改革在诸多方面显示出海湾君主国政治现代化道路的共性,体现着海湾君主国政治治理模式的未来发展趋势。

Since independence,Qatar has been trying to explore the development direction of national political governance.Since 1995,facing the disadvantages of political governance,the risks of the operation of the rentierism economic system,the new changes in social structure,and the pressure of the international community,Emir Hamad and his successor Tamim have carried out a series of political governance reforms,including improving the construction of the rule of law,starting family political reforms,and implementing people's rights.The steady progress of political governance reform has promoted the modernization of Qatar's governance system and capacity,and provided effective support for Qatar to deal with internal and external crises.The plan and process of political governance reform are based on Qatar's national conditions and reflect the democratic political development path with Qatar's characteristics.It not only has the characteristics of full participation,but also pays attention to the process of governance.At the same time,the effectiveness of the reform is also limited.In the case of similar national conditions and international environment,Qatar's political governance reform shows the commonness of the political modernization path of the Gulf monarchy in many aspects,reflecting the future development trend of the political governance model of the Gulf monarchy.