智能钻头技术研究与应用探索

Research and Application of Intelligent Bit Technology

实际钻井过程中,在多主频、多维度、多振幅复合的六自由度复杂振动作用下,极易引发井下钻具疲劳损坏与岩石重复破碎,钻井工程在效率、安全、效益和质量层面面临着严峻挑战。作为破岩钻进的直接执行机构,钻头动力学响应是钻进参数、地质特性、钻具结构数据关系的直接体现。开展钻头位置数据采集与融合挖掘,是统筹钻进效率、经济效益、风险控制关系,针对性开展提速增效工具改进与钻井参数优化的根本需要。智能钻头技术是解决上述问题的重要手段。由此对智能钻头技术硬件研发与数据分析过程中的部分关键问题进行了探索,针对性地提出了中心式模块应力测量的刚性连接方案,设计了运动测量的棱柱式阵列构型及数据推算方法,开展了模块结构水力学优化;研制智能钻头样机,基于实测数据开展了BHA井下听诊与钻井参数优化应用探索;开展现场应用测试5井次、累计入井超140 h,工艺与方法可靠、有效。

In the actual drilling process,under the complex vibrating action of six degrees of freedom combined by multiple dominant frequencies,dimensions and amplitudes,fatigue damage of downhole drilling tools and repeated breaking of rocks easily occur,which makes drilling engineering face severe challenges in terms of efficiency,safety,benefit and quality.As the direct actuator for rock breaking,the dynamic response of the bit is a direct reflection of the relationship among drilling parameter,geologic characteristic and drillstring assembly data.Conducting data acquisition,fusion and mining of bit position is the fundamental need to coordinate the relationship among drilling efficiency,economic benefit and risk control,and carry out targeted improvement of ROP improving tools and optimization of drilling parameters.Intelligent bit technology is an important means to solve the above problems.Therefore,in the paper,first,some key issues in the process of hardware development and data analysis of the intelligent bit technology were explored,a rigid connection scheme for central module stress measurement was proposed,a prismatic array configuration for motion measurement and a data calculation method were designed,and a hydraulic optimization for module structure was carried out;second,a prototype of intelligent bit was developed,and downhole auscultation of BHA and application exploration for drilling parameter optimization were carried out based on measured data;finally,field application test was carried out in 5 wells,with a total of in hole time for more than 140 h,proving that the technology and method are reliable and effective.