人力资本集聚如何促进城市就业增长——基于生产率和生活质量视角的机制分解

How Does Human Capital Agglomeration Promote Employment Growth of Cities:Mechanism Decomposition from Perspectives of Productivity and Quality of Life

高技能人才集聚是现代城市发展的重要支撑。本文首先使用简约实证模型验证人力资本集聚对中国城市就业增长的正面影响,然后基于新古典城市经济增长模型,理论分析人力资本集聚对城市就业增长的作用机制,并量化分解不同影响机制占整体影响的比重。研究发现:第一,人力资本集聚对城市就业增长有显著正向影响,同时也会提高工资收入和生活成本。第二,机制分解结果表明,人力资本集聚主要通过提高城市生产率促进就业增长,影响占比约80.11%。但改善城市生活质量的机制也不可忽视,占比约为1/5。最后,本文从促进城市公共服务和消费型因素发展两个方面为人力资本集聚改善城市生活质量的机制提供佐证。

Agglomeration of high-skilled workers is an important support for the development of modern cities.This paper uses a reduced-form model to verify the positive impact of human capital agglomeration on employment growth in Chinese cities.Then,based on a neoclassical city economic growth model,this paper analyzes the mechanisms through which human capital agglomeration promotes employment growth,and quantitatively decomposes different mechanisms.The conclusions are as follows.First,human capital agglomeration has a significantly positive impact on the employment growth of cities,while also increasing wage income and living costs.Second,mechanism decomposition results indicate that human capital agglomeration mainly promotes employment growth through improving productivity,and the mechanism accounts for 80.11%of the overall effect.But the mechanism of improving the quality of life cannot be ignored,accounting for about 1/5.Last,we find that stimulating the development of public service and consumption amenities are two possible explanations for the mechanism of improving the quality of life.