废旧三元锂离子电池正极材料资源化回收研究进展

Progress of resource recovery of retired ternary lithium-ion battery cathode materials

废旧三元锂离子电池正极材料中的有价金属组分的有效回收和再利用,可以促进电化学储能和新能源汽车行业的稳定发展,实现能源循环再利用。目前三元锂离子电池正极材料的回收面临缺乏成熟的回收工艺和再利用体系不完善的关键问题。本文通过对近期相关文献的探讨,综述了废旧三元锂离子电池正极材料资源化回收与再利用的研究进展,从资源和环境两个角度论述了废旧三元锂离子电池正极材料回收的必要性。对于退役锂离子电池的预处理方式,着重介绍了放电、拆卸和分离工艺;对所获得的废旧三元正极材料,重点分析了有价金属的火法冶炼和湿法浸出等回收工艺的工作原理、研究现状和优劣势;对于三元正极材料的再生策略,着重阐述了基于浸出液直接再生正极材料的有效方法,并展望未来废旧三元锂离子电池资源化回收工艺可能存在的问题和面临的挑战。综合分析表明,合适的预处理、回收和再生策略,为废旧三元锂离子电池中有价金属的绿色、高效和低成本再利用提供重要的参考价值。

Achieving effective recovery and reuse of valuable metal components in the cathode materials of used ternary lithium-ion batteries can promote the stable development of electrochemical energy storage and new energy vehicle business,and realise energy recycling and reuse.At present,the recycling of cathode materials for ternary lithium-ion batteries faces the key problems of lack of mature recycling process and imperfect reuse system.This paper reviews the research progress of resourceful recycling and reuse of cathode materials of used ternary lithium-ion batteries by exploring the recent related literature,and discusses the necessity of recycling of cathode materials of used ternary lithium-ion batteries from the perspectives of resources and environment.For the pretreatment methods of retired lithium-ion batteries,the discharge,disassembly and separation processes are highlighted;for the obtained used ternary cathode materials,the working principles,research status and advantages and disadvantages of the recovery processes such as pyrometallurgical smelting and wet leaching of valuable metals are focused on;for the regeneration strategies of ternary cathode materials,the effective methods of direct regeneration of cathode materials based on leach solution are highlighted,and the possible problems and challenges facing the recycling processes of used For the regeneration strategy of ternary cathode materials,it focuses on the effective method of direct regeneration of cathode materials based on leaching solution,and looks forward to the possible problems and challenges in the future recycling process of waste used ternary lithium-ion battery.The comprehensive analyses show that suitable pretreatment,recovery and regeneration strategies provide important reference value for the green,efficient and low-cost reuse of valuable metals in used ternary lithium-ion batteries.