现代经济增长可持续性的逻辑——基于政治经济学的思考

The Logical Thinking of the Sustainability of Modern Economic Growth Based on the Political Economy

在社会主义初级阶段,经济发展的核心仍是生产力的大力发展,而资本的质量和结构是决定现代经济生产力水平的第一要素。在复杂的国际环境中,社会主义国家如何有效提升本国资本的质量和结构,是社会主义经济现代化发展道路必须解决的重大理论和实践问题。其中,财富逐步极化的内生不可逆趋势和供需结构的内生矛盾是资本主义经济深层矛盾的根源,由此造成长期增长的不可持续;在社会主义经济中占主体地位的公有资本具有规避这些矛盾的潜在优势,因而公有资本的充分积累是“中国式现代化”的独特性和社会主义公有制体制发展优势的根本所在。在社会主义初级阶段,公有资本和私有资本如何共同协调发展以充分发挥各自优势和潜力来推动中国式现代化长期可持续发展,是社会主义经济理论的重要课题。本文运用马克思主义政治经济学的分析范式和现代宏观经济学的前沿理论展开综合研究,并结合党的二十大报告,从经济科学发展的理论层面,讨论当代资本主义经济供需结构矛盾的根源以及大力发展公有资本以规避供需结构矛盾的机制和有效性。

In the primary stage of socialist modernization,to improve the quality and struc-ture of capital is important.The endogenous and irreversible trend of gradual wealth polarization and the contradiction of endogenous supply and demand structures are the root causes of the deep contradictions of the capitalist economy.The public capital in the socialist econ-omy has the potential mechanism to avoid these contradictions.The sufficient accumulation of public capital means the uniqueness of"Chinese modernization"and potential development advantages.How to coordinate the development of public capital and private capital in order to give full play to their respective advantages and promote the long-term sustainable development of Chinese-style modernization is an important subject of socialist economic theory.This paper combines Xi Jinping's series of theoretical thoughts on governance and modernization,to discuss the law of industrial evolution of contemporary capitalist econ-omy,the mechanism of the development of public capital to avoid these contradictions,and the conditions to realize the long-term sustainable development of Chinese-style modernization.