数字要素参与是扩大中等收入群体的福音吗——基于阶层流动和收入差距双重维度的经验证据

Is Digital Factor Participation a Boon for Expanding Middle-Income Groups?Empirical Evidence Based on the Dual Dimensions of Class Mobility and Income Gap

作为不可或缺的新型生产资料和重要战略资源,数字要素为驱动经济增长、优化收入分配格局提供了新的时代机遇。本文将宏观数据与中国家庭追踪调查(CFPS)2010—2018年数据相结合,从阶层流动、收入差距双重维度探讨数字要素参与能否为扩大中等收入群体带来福音?研究发现:数字要素参与在畅通不同收入群体向上流动通道的同时削弱了收入相对剥夺效应,改善了收入分配结构。其作用机制在于数字要素通过助推劳动力向非农部门转移,优化家庭资产配置,提升家庭收入创造能力和增值能力,带来阶层流动机会的增加。进一步研究发现,人力资本投资和社会保障在数字要素参与对非农就业和金融市场参与发挥的促进作用中具有正向调节作用,强化了“提低、扩中”的数字红利效应。本文为探索数字要素参与助力扩大中等收入群体、赋能共同富裕的可行路径提供新的思考。

As a new indispensable means of production and an important strategic resource,digital factors provide a new era of opportunities for driving economic growth and optimizing income distribution patterns.This paper combines macro data with China Family Panel Stud-ies(CFPS)data from 2010—2018 to explore whether the participation of digital factors bring benefits to the expansion of middle-income groups from the dual dimensions of income class mobility and income gap?The study finds that digital factors have weakened the relative income deprivation effect while unblocking the upward mobility of different income groups,and thus improved the income distribution structure.The mechanism is that the digital factors has contributed to the transfer of labor to the non-farm sector,optimize the allocation of household assets and enhance the ability of household income creation and value-added,increase the opportunities for class mobility.Further study finds that human capital investment and social security have a positive moderating role in the contribution of digital factors to nonfarm employment and financial market participation,reinforcing the digital dividend effect of improving the income of poor and expanding middle-income groups.This paper provides new thinking for exploring feasible paths for digital factor participation to help expand middle-income groups and empower common prosperity.