新型城镇化、城市规模与流动人口收入提升

New-Type Urbanization,Urban Scale and Migrants'Income Improve

新型城镇化注重“人的城镇化”,如何促进流动人口更好发展是其关键任务之一,但鲜有文献从流动人口的视角来考察新型城镇化效应。通过合并2011—2018年全国流动人口动态监测调查数据,本文利用双重差分方法评估了中国新型城镇化建设试点对流动人口收入的影响。研究发现,新型城镇化对流动人口收入的影响因城市规模呈现差异化,中小规模试点城市的流动人口收入获得显著提升,平均效应为3.9%,而试点大城市的流动人口收入则无显著差异。机制检验表明,中小城市的新型城镇化效应分别从劳动力需求端的地方产业扶持,以及劳动力供给端的职业技能培训方面有利于流动人口的收入提升。在异质性方面,新型城镇化对流动人口的收入提升效应在东西部城市群内的小城市效果更明显,高学历和以雇员身份从事第二产业的流动人口收入提升相对更多。此外,新型城镇化的收入提升效应并非延长劳动时间,或者劳动力自选择的结果,因此,其作用是实质性的。

The new-type urbanization emphasizes people-centered urbanization,which aims to increase migrants'income and integrate them into the city.Based on the data of China Migrants Dynamic Survey(CMDS)from 2011 to 2018,this paper evaluates the impact of new-type urbanization pilots on migrants'income by using a difference-in-differences model.The study found that China's new-type urbanization has a positive effect on the income of migrants in small and medium-sized cities,the average promotion effect is 3.9%,but the impact is non-significant in large cities.The mechanism test shows that during the period of new-type urbanization pilots,small and medium-sized cities promoted the income of migrants by supporting local industrial development and increasing vocational skills training support.Heterogeneity analysis shows that the policy effects of new-type ur-banization are more pronounced in small cities within eastern and western urban agglomerations,with relatively more income boosting for migrants with high education and working in secondary industries as employees.In addition,the income-enhancing effect of new-type urbanization is not the result of extended working hours or inflows of high-quality labor,and policies have actually enhanced the ability of migrants to integrate into cities.