中国传统士大夫政治中的“天下情势”——以北宋熙宁初年的“青苗法事件”为例

The Panorama of"All under Heaven"in the Political World of Traditional Chinese Scholar-officials:A Case Study of the"Green Sprouts Policy"'Debate in the Northern Song Dynasty

在充满纷争的人类政治世界中,如何处理分歧是任何政治体都必须回应的问题。“个体主义”视角强调行动者会采取排斥乃至消除分歧诉求的手段,以达到对利益、权力地位或是法定政策理念的控制独占。中国传统士大夫政治的丰富历史经验为超越此种视角的局限提供了可能。作为新的历史阐释视角,从“天下情势”角度能够揭示被“个体主义”思维遮蔽的中国政治文明的独特实践逻辑和动力机制。北宋熙宁初年的“青苗法事件”由此得以呈现未能被既有研究充分重视的历史情态。

How to deal with differences is a question that any political body must respond to.The"individualist"perspective emphasizes that actors will adopt measures to exclude or even eliminate divergent claims in order to gain control over interests,power,or statutory policy,but the rich experience of traditional Chinese scholarofficials offers the possibility of going beyond the limitations of this perspective.The perspective of the reality and trends of""all under heaven"(tianzia),as a new narrative,reveals a unique practical logic and dynamic mechanism in Chinese political civilization that have been overlooked by the individualist perspective.The green sprouts policy(qingmiaofa)debate in the early years of the New Policies era of the Northern Song dynasty(960-1127)presents a historical situation that has not been given full attention by existing research.