中国式现代化背景下轻微犯罪前科消灭制度的展开

The Unfolding of the System of Elimination of Prior Convictions for Minor Crimes in the Context of Chinese-Style Modernization

中国式现代化要求全面推进法治现代化,彰显人权保障理念。当前我国的前科规定较为混乱,前科制度出现了明显的僵化问题。在我国,轻罪时代正在来临,犯罪治理明显不同于以往,此前主张建立前科消灭制度不具有可行性,这一来临急速催生了数量庞大的轻微犯罪群体,实践中的现有解决方案无法有效降低该群体的数量,人身危险性和主观恶性相对较低的他们对自我犯罪人身份的认同度极低,僵硬的前科持续带来的种种不利后果实质性地阻碍了其复归社会,“惩罚过剩”问题突出,若不及时处理或处理不当,该群体有走向社会对立面进而引发社会治理隐患的巨大风险。扩张犯罪记录封存制度的适用范围是治标之策,增设轻罪时代轻微犯罪前科消灭制度才是治本之道。迄今为止不同的构建方案基本定型化了我国前科消灭制度的实体内容,如果不能一步到位地完成立法,也应分步骤地循序推进。

Chinese-style modernization requires comprehensive promotion of the modernization of the rule of law and manifestation of the concept of human rights protection.Currently,China's prior conviction regulations are confusing and the system is obviously of rigidity.In China,crime governance is becoming obviously different from the past.It is not feasible to advocate previously the establishment of the system of elimination of previous convictions.The era of minor crimes has given rise to a large number of minor crime groups,the existing solutions in practice can not effectively reduce the number of this group.They,with relatively low personal danger and subjective evil,have little sense of self-identity of crime.The rigid prior convictions continue to bring a variety of adverse,materially hindering their return to society.The problem of"punishment overload"is prominent,and if not dealt with in a timely manner or improperly,there will be a great risk that this group will become antagonistic and then threaten social governance.The fundamental solution is to expand the application of the criminal record sealing system and add a system for the elimination of prior convictions for minor crimes in the minor crime era.So far,different construction schemes have basically stereotyped the substantive content of China's prior conviction elimination system.If the legislation cannot be completed in one step,it should be advanced step by step.