新立法法视角下宪法保留原则的特征及其规范功能

The Characteristics and Normative Functions of the Principle of Constitutional Reservation from the Perspective of the New Legislative Law

“宪法保留”原则在传统宪法学理论框架中没有成为显性概念,只有少数学者在行政法学意义上的“法律保留”原则框架下探讨宪法保留的正当性和价值。“宪法保留”原则可以很好地体现宪法作为根本法的规范特性,可以有助于约束立法机关的立法活动,明确合宪性与合法性的制度界限。2023年新修改的《中华人民共和国立法法》中很多条款都隐含了“宪法保留”原则的价值要求,特别是将“宪法精神”作为立法的依据更是为“宪法保留”原则的存在和发挥自身的规范建构和解释功能提供了充足的规范性依据。因此,在法理上引入“宪法保留”原则的概念可以丰富中国自主的宪法学知识体系,并在宪法实践中推动合宪性审查工作有效地开展,使得宪法实施工作提升到一个更高的水平。

The principle of"constitutional reservation"has not become an explicit concept in the traditional theoretical framework of Constitutional theory,and only a few scholars have explored the legitimacy and value of constitutional reservation under the framework of the principle of"legal reservation"in the sense of administrative law.The principle of"constitutional reservation"can well reflect the normative characteristics of the Constitution as the fundamental law,help to restrict the legislative activities of the legislature,and clarify the institutional boundaries between constitutionality and legality.Many provisions of the newly revised Legislative Law in 2023 imply the value requirements of the principle of"constitutional reservation".In particular,taking the"constitutional spirit"as the basis for legislation provides sufficient normative basis for the existence of the principle of"constitutional reservation"and its own normative construction and interpretation functions.Therefore,the introduction of the concept of"constitutional reservation"in jurisprudence can enrich China's independent knowledge system of constitutional theory,and promote the effective development of constitutionality review in constitutional practice,so as to elevate the constitutional implementation to a higher level.