侵害未成年人案件强制报告制度的困境与破解之道

The Dilemma and Solution of the Mandatory Reporting System for Minors

侵害未成年人案件强制报告制度自2020年5月在全国范围内确立已三年有余,虽总体落实情况较好,但仍存在适用率不高的问题。这一定程度上与我国强制报告制度的不完善有关。以美国为典型代表的域外国家或地区强制报告制度发展历史悠久,对完善我国强制报告制度具有一定的借鉴意义。我国可考虑借鉴域外先进经验,适当拓宽强制报告的范围,完善报告机制,关注响应机制,并通过合理解释和适时更新法律,完善法律责任,加大对报告义务人的保护力度,破解我国强制报告制度的当前困境。

It has been more than three years since the mandatory reporting system for cases of violations against minors was established nationwide in May 2020.Although the system works generally,its application rate is not high.This is related to the imperfection of this system.In order to improve the application rate,in view of the existing inadequacies of the system,we can learn from overseas experiences,broaden the scope of reporting subjects,clarify the reporting situation,improve the reporting mechanism,pay attention to the response mechanism,make reasonable explanations,and update them in a timely manner,improve legal responsibilities,strengthen protection,and increase the enthusiasm of reporters to report.