南京市生境质量时空演变特征与影响因素研究

Characteristics of Spatio-Temporal Evolution and Influencing Factors of Habitat Quality in Nanjing

快速城镇化给区域土地利用及生态环境带来巨大变化,在此背景下开展南京市土地利用和生境质量的时空变化规律及其影响因素的研究,对推进南京市国土空间开发保护与高质量发展转型具有重要意义。基于ArcGIS软件、Fragstats、InVEST模型、地理探测器定量分析南京市2000-2020年土地利用和生境质量的时空演变特征,探究南京市生境质量变化的主要驱动因子。结果表明,相比2000年,2020年南京市耕地面积和林地面积分别下降了802.37 km^(2)和34.37 km^(2),降幅分别为19.37%和4.90%;建设用地净增长694.23 km^(2),增幅为65.61%。2000-2020年研究区内景观整体水平的连接度下降,景观破碎化程度加剧。平均生境质量指数由0.38下降到0.27,2000-2010、2010-2020年区域生境质量降幅分别为21.05%和10.00%,前一时段降幅远高于后一时段,其中耕地向建设用地转移及耕地自身生境质量降低是南京市生境质量退化的主要原因,两者在各时段内对生境质量降低的贡献比分别占38.08%、23.18%与52.60%、12.97%。年降水量、建设用地指数与夜间灯光为该区域生境质量空间分异的主要驱动因素。研究结果揭示了南京市生境质量的时空变化过程,为以南京市为代表的快速城镇化地区生态可持续发展及土地利用保护提供科学支撑。

Rapid urbanization has brought great changes to regional land use and ecological environment.Research of temporal and spatial changes in land use and habitat quality are to promote the development and protection of territorial space,as well as the transformation of high-quality development in Nanjing.Spatiotemporal evolution characteristics of land use and habitat quality from 2000 to 2020 were quantitatively analyzed,and the main driving factors of habitat quality in Nanjing were further explored based on ArcGIS,Fragstats,InVEST model and geographical detector.The results showed that the area of cultivated land and forest land in Nanjing decreased by 802.37 and 34.37 km^(2) in 2020 compared with 2000,fallen by 19.37%and 4.90%respectively.While the construction land area increased by 694.23 km^(2),and the amplification was 65.61%.The connectivity of the overall landscape in the study area decreased,and the landscape fragmentation increased from 2000 to 2020.The average habitat quality index decreased from 0.38 to 0.27.During the period from 2000 to 2010 and from 2010 to 2020,the decline amplitudes of regional habitat quality were 21.05%and 10.00%,respectively,and the decline in the previous period was far greater than that in the latter period.The transfer of cultivated land to construction land and the habitat quality degradation of cultivated land were the main reasons for the habitat quality degradation in Nanjing.Their contributions to the reduction of habitat quality in each period accounted for 38.08%and 23.18%,52.60%and 12.97%,respectively.Annual rainfall,construction land index and night light were the main driving factors for the spatial differentiation of habitat quality.Theresults the spatio-temporal change process of habitat quality in Nanjing,which provide scientific support for the sustainable ecological development and land use protection in the rapidly urbanized areas.