北京市白纸坊辖区婴幼儿心理行为发育现状分析

Analysis of the psychological and behavioral development status of infants and toddlers in the Baizhifang area of Beijing

目的探索北京市西城区白纸坊辖区3岁以下婴幼儿的心理行为发育现状及相关影响因素。方法本研究采用以社区为基础的横断面调查设计。2019年9月—2022年8月北京市西城区白纸坊社区卫生服务中心保健科为单位整群抽样,接受常规体检及预警征筛查的4997名婴幼儿为研究对象。采用儿童心理行为发育预警征象筛查问卷及丹佛发育筛查测验(DDST),分析婴幼儿的心理行为发育情况及其影响因素。单因素分析采用χ^(2)检验,多因素分析采用Logistic回归,以婴幼儿的性别、年龄、户籍及其发育异常的产前高危因素为自变量纳入回归模型。结果4997名婴幼儿中,心理行为发育异常筛查阳性率3.4%(172/4997),其中经转上级医疗机构诊断为发育迟缓的发生率1.3%(64/4997)。单因素分析显示,婴幼儿性别、年龄、户籍及产前高危因素与其生理行为发育情况有关(P均<0.05)。多因素分析显示,婴幼儿性别为男性(OR=1.51,95%CI:1.059~2.152)、年龄>2岁且≤3岁(OR=20.032,95%CI:14.362~27.943)及产前高危因素(OR=1.612,95%CI:1.114~2.334)是其心理行为发育筛查阳性的危险因素。结论辖区内儿童心理行为预警征筛查有助于早期发现3岁以下婴幼儿的心理行为发育异常,发育异常原因可能与男性婴幼儿年龄>2岁且≤3岁及产前高危因素因素有关。

Objective To explore the current status of psychological and behavioral development among infants and toddlers aged 3 years and below in the Baizhifang area of Xicheng District,Beijing,as well as the associated influencing factors.Methods A community-based cross-sectional survey design was employed.From September 2019 to August 2022,a cluster sampling method was used to select 4,997 infants and toddlers who underwent routine physical examinations and developmental screening at the Baizhifang Community Health Service Centers in Xicheng District,Beijing.The Child Psychological and Behavioral Development Screening Questionnaire and the Denver Developmental Screening Test(DDST)were utilized to assess the psychological and behavioral development of the infants and toddlers and to analyze the influencing factors.Single-factor analysis was conducted usingχ^(2) tests,and multivariate analysis was performed using logistic regression.The infant's gender,age,household registration,and prenatal high-risk factors for developmental abnormalities were included as independent variables in the regression model.Results Among the 4,997 infants and toddlers,the positive rate for abnormal psychological and behavioral development screening was 3.4%(172/4,997),with a rate of 1.3%(64/4,997)diagnosed with developmental delay by higher-level medical institutions.Single-factor analysis showed that infant gender,age,household registration,and prenatal high-risk factors were associated with their physiological and behavioral development(all P<0.05).Multivariate analysis revealed that male gender(OR=1.51,95%CI:1.059~2.152),age>2 years and≤3 years(OR=20.032,95%CI:14.362~27.943),and prenatal high-risk factors(OR=1.612,95%CI:1.114-2.334)were risk factors for positive screening results in psychological and behavioral development.Conclusion Screening for psychological and behavioral warning signs in children in the study area helps in early detection of developmental abnormalities among infants and toddlers aged 3 years and below.The developmental abnormalities may be associated with male gender,age>2 years and≤3 years,and prenatal high-risk factors.