多孔碳基非贵金属氧还原电催化剂研究进展

Research progress of porous carbon⁃based non noble metal electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction

氧还原反应电催化剂在能量储存和转换中的应用受到了广泛关注,铂基贵金属催化剂因成本高、资源稀缺等缺点限制了其规模化应用。碳基非贵金属催化剂因价格低廉、反应活性好和抗甲醇渗透能力强等优点有望成为铂基催化剂的替代品。目前,文献报道的碳基催化剂主要通过调控活性位点的电子结构、增加活性位点密度与可接近性及调控碳/金属复合材料界面结构等策略提升其氧还原活性。从非金属元素掺杂碳基催化剂、碳基非贵金属单原子催化剂和碳基非贵金属纳米颗粒催化剂3个方面综述了碳基氧还原催化剂的研究进展,总结和指出了碳基催化剂面临的问题及挑战,并对催化剂的发展前景进行了展望。

The application of electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction in energy storage and conversion has attracted extensive attention.However,the large⁃scale application of platinum⁃based catalysts is limited by their high cost,scarce resources and poor stability.Carbon⁃based non noble metal catalysts are expected to be a substitute for platinum⁃based catalysts due to their low price,excellent reactivity and strong methanol penetration resistance.At present,the improvement of the oxygen reduction activity of carbon⁃based catalysts reported in the literature was regulating the electronic structure of active sites,increasing the density and accessibility of active sites,and regulating the interface structure of carbon/metal composites.The research progress of carbon⁃based oxygen reduction catalysts was reviewed from the following three aspects:nonmetallic elements doped carbon⁃based catalysts,carbon⁃based non noble metal single⁃atom catalysts and carbon⁃based non noble metal nanoparticles catalysts.The problems and challenges faced by carbon⁃based catalysts were summarized and pointed out,and the development prospects of the catalyst were prospected.