义务教育财政投入均衡化助推建设教育强国

Balanced Financial Investment in Compulsory Education Promote a Powerful Country of Education

教育公平的核心在于促进城乡、区域、校际、群体之间的教育均衡化发展,特别是义务教育的均衡化发展直接关系到起点公平和机会公平,对建设教育强国具有重要意义。本文基于2001—2021年教育事业费支出数据,利用典型事实、泰尔指数及其分解和基尼系数刻画了我国义务教育财政投入均衡化的发展变化。研究发现,各个教育阶段的教育均衡化程度均有明显提升,免费义务教育的均衡化程度最高,而非免费的学前教育和普通高中教育的均衡化程度较低。教育财政均衡化程度与财力均衡化程度不一致,省际教育财政投入的不平等程度仍然较高。要进一步提高国家设定的义务教育经费投入最低标准、继续增强中央对义务教育的财政事权和支出责任、尽快将免费义务教育延伸至学前教育和高中教育阶段,以提升义务教育均衡化水平,实现教育基本公共服务均等化。

The core of educational equity lies in promoting the balanced development of education between urban and rural areas,regions,schools and groups,especially the balanced development of compulsory education is directly related to the fairness of starting point and opportunity,which is of great significance to building a strong education country.Based on the data of education expenditure from 2001-2021,this paper uses typical facts,Theil index and Gini coefficient to portray the development changes of the equalization of financial investment in compulsory education in China.It is found that the equalization degree of education at all education stages has improved significantly,the equalization degree of free compulsory education is the highest,while the equalization degree of non-free preschool education and general high school education is lower.The degree of financial equalization in education is not consistent with the degree of financial equalization.The inequality of financial investment in education between provinces is still high.It is necessary to further raise the minimum standard of compulsory education financial investment set by the state,continue to enhance the central government's financial authority and expenditure responsibility for compulsory education,and extend free compulsory education to preschool and high school education stages as soon as possible,so as to enhance the level of equalization of compulsory education and realize the equalization of basic public services in education.