松毛虫发生的驱动因素及灾害控制技术的研究进展

Progress on the Driving Factors for the Occurrence and Disaster Control Technologies of Dendrolimus spp.

松毛虫是我国林区的主要森林害虫之一,一旦暴发成灾则会导致树木大面积死亡,从而对森林生态系统的物种组成、空间结构、生态功能产生极大的负面作用,甚至会改变森林的演替方向。本文将松毛虫发生的驱动因素及暴发后灾害控制技术进行总结,分析影响松毛虫种群数量的环境因子,并归纳松毛虫的监测技术、预测手段和防控措施。在宏观尺度上,松毛虫的繁殖和分布主要取决于气候因子,温度和降水是影响松毛虫发生概率和种群数量动态变化的关键因子。在中观尺度上,松毛虫更倾向在阳坡、缓坡、山脊、海拔低、土壤厚度薄的纯林中暴发。在松毛虫的监测预测中卫星遥感技术和地理信息系统技术能有效解决数据可靠性,林区面积大,监测人员少的难题,是未来研究的趋势。在防治措施中,化学防治和生物防治以安全高效的特点,成为我国松毛虫防控的主要手段并被广泛使用。此外,对该领域仍存在的问题和难点进行总结,可为松毛虫的相关研究提供参考。

Pine caterpillar(Dendrolimus spp.)is one of the main pests of forest area in China,the outbreak of disasters will lead to a large area of tree death,which will have a great negative effect on the species composition,spatial structure,ecological function of the forest ecosystem,and even change the succession direction of the forest.In this review,the driving factors of Dendrolimus spp.occurrence and post-outbreak disaster control technology were summarized,population of Dendrolimus spp.affected by the environmental factors were analyzed,and the monitoring technology,prediction methods and prevention and control measures of Dendrolimus spp.were induced.At the macro scale,the reproduction and distribution of Dendrolimus spp.mainly depend on climatic factors,and temperature and precipitation are the key factors affecting the occurrence probability and population dynamics of Dendrolimus spp..At the meso scale,pine caterpillars tend to break out in pure forests with sunny slopes,gentle slopes,ridges,low altitudes,and thin soil thickness.In the monitoring and prediction of Dendrolimus spp.,satellite remote sensing technology and geographic information system(GIS)technology can solve the problems of data reliability effectively,large forest area and few monitoring personnel,which are the trend of future research.Among the control measures,chemical control and biological control have become the main means of control of Dendrolimus spp.and are widely used in the characteristics of safety and efficiency in China.In addition,existing problems and difficulties in this field were summarized,to provide reference for related research on Dendrolimus spp..