不同密度油松人工林土壤特性及水源涵养功能研究

Study on Soil Characteristics and Water Conservation Function of Pinus tabulaeformis Plantations with Different Densities

【目的】分析不同密度下油松人工林土壤特性及水源涵养功能变化,选择最佳的油松人工林种植密度,充分发挥油松人工林的生态功能。【方法】以辽宁省海城市30年油松人工林为研究对象,设置5种林分密度,分别为1367株·hm^(-2)、1861株·hm^(-2)、2617株·hm^(-2)、3012株·hm^(-2)、3683株·hm^(-2),分析不同密度对油松人工林土壤理化性质、土壤持水量以及枯落物持水特性的影响。【结果】油松人工林土壤理化性质、土壤持水量以及枯落物质持水特性受不同密度影响存在显著差异,其中林分密度为2167株·hm^(-2)林地与其它密度相比,林地土壤密度较小,为1.13 g·cm^(-3),林地土壤有机质含量是林分密度为1367株·hm^(-2)林地的1.63倍,且总孔隙度较大,为62.56%,土壤持水性能较好,为1251.3 t·hm^(-2)。【结论】林分密度为2617株·hm^(-2)林地土壤特性以及水源涵养功能最佳,可以优化土壤结构,提高土壤蓄水能力,促进油松人工林的生长。

【Objective】In order to analyze the changes of soil characteristics and water conservation function of Pinus tabulaeformis plantations under different densities,the best planting density of Pinus tabulaeformis plantation was selected to give full play to its ecological function.【Method】A 30-year plantation of Pinus tabulaeformis in Haicheng city,Liaoning province was selected as the research objects.The stand densities of 5 species were 1367 plants·hm^(-2),1861 plants·hm^(-2),2617 plants·hm^(-2),3012 plants·hm^(-2) and 3683 plants·hm^(-2),respectively.The effects of different densities on soil physicochemical properties,soil water holding capacity and litter water holding capacity of Pinus tabulaeformis plantation were analyzed.【Result】Soil physical and chemical properties,soil water holding capacity and water holding capacity of litter in Pinus tabulaeformis plantations were significantly different with different densities.Compared with other densities,the soil density of forest with a stand density of 2167 plants·hm^(-2) was lower(1.13 g·cm-3).The soil organic matter content of forest land was 1.63 times that of forest land with a stand density of 1367 plants·hm^(-2),and the total porosity was higher(62.56%),and the soil water holding capacity was better(1251.3 t·hm^(-2)).【Conclusion】With a stand density of 2617 plants·hm^(-2),soil characteristics and water conservation function were the best,which could optimize soil structure,improve soil water storage capacity,and promote the growth of Pinus tabulaeformis plantations.