东京审判国际检察局的调查取证——以日军南京暴行为中心

Investigation and Evidence Collection by the International Prosecution Section for the Tokyo Trial--Centering on the Japanese Army's Atrocities in Nanjing

1945年12月6日,国际检察局美国团队抵达东京,随即开始了法庭选址和起草《特别通告》《远东国际军事法庭宪章》《远东国际军事法庭程序规则》等前期工作,建立了调查处、文献处等机构,划分、确立了调查时段及重大事件。翌年,随着各国团队陆续抵达,成立了由11国检察官及若干核心成员组成的执行委员会,协助决策和协调起诉工作,并确立了文件收集、实地调查、审问或询问当事人的调查取证方法。国际检察局调查人员审问了参与进攻南京的日军高级指挥官,面谈了驻南京的日本外交官及去过南京的作家,翻译了德国外交文件,调取了美国驻南京大使馆的档案原件,并三次前往南京实地调查取证。通过上述机制和方法,调查者还原了日军占领南京的过程及随后发生的暴行。在不长的时间内与南京暴行有关的主要证人和证据被纳入调查视野并获得了相关的证据,这也奠定了南京大屠杀研究的基本史料和主要框架。

On December 6,1945,the American team of the International Prosecution Section arrived in Tokyo and immediately began the preliminary work such as selecting the court site and drafting the"Special Proclamation","Charter of the International Military Tribunal for the Far East"and"Rules of Procedure of the International Military Tribunal for the Far East".Investigation Division,Document Division and so on were established,and the investigation period and major events were identified and categorized.With the arrival of the teams of other counties in the following year,the executive committee composed of associate counsels from various countries and several core members were established to assist the Chief Counsel in decision-making and coordination of prosecution work,and investigation methods such as documentcollection,on-site investigation,interrogation or questioning of parties involved were also decided.The investigators of the International Prosecution Section interrogated Japanese senior commanders involved in the attack on Nanjing,interviewed Japanese diplomats based in Nanjing and writers who visited Nanjing,translated German diplomatic documents,retrieved the original files of the United States Embassy in Nanjing,and went to Nanjing three times for on-site investigation and evidence collection.Through the above mechanisms and methods,the investigators reconstructed the process of the Japanese occupation of Nanjing and the subsequent atrocities.The key witnesses and evidence related to the Nanjing atrocities were included in the investigation,and relevant evidence was obtained in a short period of time,which also laid a foundation for the basic historical documents and the framework for the study of the Nanjing Massacre committed by the Japanese army.