非战之时·非战之地·非战之人——日军“一号作战”再研究

The War by the Inappropriate Initiators on the Improper Occasion at an Inappropriate Time--Re-studies on the Operation Ichi-Go

从日军的战略目标及作战结果来看,“一号作战”是日军中国派遣军和以真田穰一郎、服部卓四郎等为首的参谋本部作战部相关人员,在一定程度上强行推动发起的一场非战之时、非战之地及非战之人的战役。非战之时,即以“时过境迁”的战略局势来制定作战目标,导致战略形势与战略目标存在脱节;非战之地,即不应在整个太平洋战局崩溃的情势下,又在中国内地发起大规模作战,企图打通内地交通并“以陆制空”摧毁美军在华空军基地,导致战略主次发生颠倒;非战之人,即“一号作战”是日军中国派遣军、参谋本部作战部以及最高决策层三方不同战略意图的结果,而不是集体一致的战略决策。日军“一号作战”虽然不能挽救其败亡的命运,但却对与之交战的中国尤其是抗战后期的中国政治产生了深远影响。

"Operation Ichi-Go"was the war to certain extent launched arbitrarily by the China Expeditionary Army and Sanada Joichiro,Hattori Takushiro and others from the General Staff Headquarters on an improper occasion at an inappropriate time,in terms of the Japanese army's strategic objectives and the military operation results.The inappropriate time means that the former strategic situation was used to draw up the objectives of the current operation,resulting in a disconnection between the strategic situation and the objectives;the inappropriate occasion means that the large-scale operations shall be not be launched on the Chinese Mainland with the collapse of the entire Pacific war theatre,attempting to get through the traffic in mainland and"dominate the air by land"to destroy the US air force bases in China,which actually led to the reversal of strategic priorities;the inappropriate initiators means that"Operation Ichi-Go"was a result of different strategic intentions among the China Expeditionary Army,the Department of military Operations of the General Staff Headquarters and the highest decision-making body,rather than a collective and consistent strategic decision-making action.Although the Japanese"Operation Ichi-Go"failed to save their fate of defeat,it had a profound impact on the politics of China,especially in the later stage of the War of the Resistance against Japan.