论霍克海默对传统理论范式的批判

On Horkheimer's critique at traditional theoretical paradigm

霍克海默认为传统理论范式实质上是一种资产阶级意识形态,其功能在于证明资本主义社会秩序的合理性和永恒性,以确保资本主义社会更好地运行。他从传统理论范式的研究对象、分析方法及终极旨趣三个方面对该范式进行剖析,揭示了其形成的根据及危害,指出应当通过建构一种新的、辩证的、历史的批判理论范式,形成社会批判理论,实现哲学上的变革,重新恢复哲学的批判功能,唤醒人们的批判意识,以探索实现个体自由和解放的道路。霍克海默对传统理论范式的批判立足于马克思资产阶级政治经济学批判的基础之上,既是一种意识形态批判,也是一种社会批判,彰显了其人文关怀。他确立的批判理论范式,始终规约着法兰克福学派后继者的理论发展。

Horkheimer argues that the traditional theoretical paradigm is essentially a bourgeois ideology whose function is to prove the rationality and eternity of the capitalist social order in order to ensure its better operation.He thus analyses this traditional theoretical paradigm from three aspects:the research object,the method of analysis and the ultimate purpose,disclosing the basis for its formation and its dangers.He points out that a new dialectical and historical paradigm of critical theory should be constructed to form a social critical theory,to bring about philosophical changes,to restore the critical function of philosophy,and to awaken people's critical consciousness,so as to explore the way to achieve individual freedom and liberation.Horkheimer's critique at the traditional theoretical paradigm is based on Marx's critique at bourgeois political economy,which is both an ideological and a social critique,demonstrating his humanist value position.The critical theoretical paradigm he founded has all along regulated theoretic development of the successors of the Frankfurt School.