数字时代劳动者的主体性危机与社会法回应

Crisis of laborers' subjectivity in the digital age and social law response

资本从诞生起便具有削弱劳动者主体性的利益逻辑。从工场手工业时代到机器工业时代,技术成为资本物化劳动者、夺取劳动过程控制权的巨大推力。至数字时代,随着算法等数字技术在劳动领域特别是平台用工领域的结构性嵌入与常态化应用,对工具理性的信赖带来了劳动者创造性与批判性思维的消减,导致劳动者主体性危机进一步深化,并表现为数据侵权、用工歧视、过度劳动三个典型方面。有必要在社会法视阈下,以算法劳动管理的专门立法规范雇主算法运用,矫正劳资技术势差;以算法劳动监察强化雇主管理责任;以多元化的智力劳动标准和持续性的知识培训保存、培育劳动者的创造力,从而实现对劳动者主体性危机的防范和化解。

From its inception,capital has had a logic of interest in weakening the subjectivity of laborers.From the era of workshop craftsmanship to the era of machine industry,technology became a huge driving force for capital to objectify workers and seize control of the laboring process.Up to the digital era,with the structural embedding and normal application of algorithms and other digital technologies in the field of labor,especially in the field of platform employment,the reliance on instrumental rationality has brought about the erosion of workers'creativity and the belittling of their critical thinking,and led to the further deepening of the crisis of workers'subjectivity,which is manifested in three typical aspects:data infringement,employment discrimination and excessive labor.It is necessary to regulate employers'algorithms with special legislation on algorithmic labor management and correct labor-management technical differences,to strengthen employers'management responsibilities with algorithmic labor inspection,and to preserve and cultivate workers'creativity with diversified intellectual labor standards and continuous knowledge training,so as to prevent and solve the crisis of laborers'subjectivity.