图们江嘎呀河流域河岸带植物群落多样性研究

Riparian Plant Community Diversity of the Gaya River Basin of Tumen Jiang

为探究图们江嘎呀河流域河岸带植物的群落多样性特征及其与环境因子的关系,于2021年7—8月在该流域设定93个位点进行野外采样调查及生物多样性分析,利用TWINSPAN数量分类法和PCA排序方法对河岸带植物群落及其与环境因子之间的关系进行了研究。结果表明:嘎呀河流域河岸带植物共计531种,隶属于95科299属,优势科依次为菊科、毛茛科、禾本科,分别占植物物种总数的15.07%、5.46%、5.27%;植物群落共划分15个群丛,优势群丛依次为榆树-珍珠梅-水金凤群丛、东北桤木-珍珠梅-白花碎米荠群丛和三蕊柳-蒿柳-野大豆群丛等;Patrick丰富度指数为64~179,Shannon-Wiener多样性指数为3.42~4.56,Simpson优势度指数为0.87~0.94,Pielou均匀度指数为0.96~1.23;对河岸带植物群落组成与分布影响较大的环境因子为有机质、盐度及速效钾。调查结果可为图们江嘎呀河流域植物生物多样性保护、开发与利用及生态系统稳定性的维持与恢复提供研究基础与理论依据。

In order to explore the characteristics of riparian plant community diversity and its relationship with environmental factors in the Gaya River Basin of Tumen Jiang,93 sites were set up in the basin from July to August,2021 for field sampling survey and biodiversity analysis,and the relationship between plant communities and environmental factors was studied by using TWINSPAN quantitative analysis and PCA ranking methods.The results showed that there were 531 species of riparian plants in the Gaya River Basin,belonging to 299 genera in 95 families,and the dominant families were Asteraceae,Ranunculaceae and Poaceae,accounting for 15.07%,5.46%and 5.27%of the total number of plant species,respectively.The plant community was divided into 15 clusters,the dominant groups were Ass.Ulmus pumila-Sorbaria sorbifolia-Impatiens noli-tangere,Ass.Alnus mandshurica-Sorbaria sorbifolia-Cardamine leucantha,Ass.Salix triandra-Salix viminalis-Glycine soja,etc.The Patrick index of the plant community was 64-179,the Shannon-Wiener index was 3.42-4.56,the Simpson index was 0.87-0.94,the Pielou index was 0.96-1.23.The environmental factors that had a great influence on the composition and distribution of riparian plant communities were organic matter,salinity and available potassium.The results of this study could provide research and theoretical basis for the conservation,development and utilization of plant biodiversity and the recovery and maintenance of ecosystem stability in the Gaya River Basin of Tumen River.